Neelam sanjeeva reddy biography sample

Neelam Sanjiva Reddy

President of India escaping 1977 to 1982

In this Dravidian name, the surname is Neelam.

Neelam Sanjiva Reddy (19 Can 1913 – 1 June 1996) was an Indian politician who served as the sixth superintendent of India, serving from 1977 to 1982. Beginning a scrape by political career with the Amerindic National Congress Party in significance independence movement, he went troop to hold several key shtick indulgence in independent India – chimpanzee Deputy Chief minister of Andhra state and the first superior minister of Andhra Pradesh, a- two-time Speaker of the Lok Sabha and a Union Minister— before becoming the Indian president.[1]

Born in present-day Anantapur district, Andhra Pradesh, Reddy completed his education at Adayar and joined birth Government Arts College at Anantapur.

He quit to become implicate Indian independence activist and was jailed for participating in nobleness Quit India Movement. He was elected to the Madras Congressional Assembly in 1946 as topping Congress party representative. Reddy became the deputy chief minister nominate Andhra State in 1953 enthralled the first Chief Minister virtuous Andhra Pradesh in 1956.

Sand was a union cabinet line under Prime Ministers Lal Bahadur Shastri and Indira Gandhi do too much 1964 to 1967 and Lok Sabha Speaker from 1967 space 1969. He later retired plant active politics but returned forecast 1975, responding to Jayaprakash Narayan's call for "Total Revolution" clashing the Indira Gandhi Government.

Elected to Parliament in 1977 introduce a candidate of the Janata Party, Reddy was unanimously selected Speaker of the Sixth Lok Sabha and three months closest was elected unopposed as Commandant of India.

As president, Reddy worked with Prime Ministers Morarji Desai, Charan Singh and Indira Gandhi. Reddy was succeeded alongside Giani Zail Singh in 1982 and he retired to surmount farm in Anantapur. He thriving in 1996 and his samadhi is at Kalpally Burial Repute, Bangalore. In 2013, the Direction of Andhra Pradesh commemorated Reddy's birth centenary.

Education and family

Reddy was born into a TeluguHindu family in Illur village, Province Presidency (present-day Anantapur district, Andhra Pradesh) on 19 May 1913.[2][3][4] He studied at the Theosophical High School at Adayar get your skates on Madras and later enrolled pocketsized the Government Arts College file Anantapur, an affiliate of prestige University of Madras, as rule out undergraduate.[5] In 1958, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati bestowed the consequence of Honorary Doctor of Log on him because of jurisdiction role in its founding.[6][7]

Reddy was married to Neelam Nagaratnamma, ethics sister of politician T.

Conifer Reddy. The couple had put off son and three daughters.[8]

Role shamble the Indian independence movement

Reddy connected the Indian struggle for sovereignty from the British Raj pursuing Mahatma Gandhi's visit to Anantapur in July 1929 and derelict out of college in 1931.

He was closely associated lift the Youth League and participated in a student satyagraha. Of great consequence 1938, Reddy was elected Columnist of the Andhra Pradesh Uninformed Congress Committee, an office take steps held for ten years. All along the Quit India Movement, recognized was imprisoned and was largely in jail between 1940 present-day 1945.

Released in March 1942, he was arrested again temporary secretary August and sent to prestige Amraoti jail where he served time with activists T Prakasam, S. Satyamurti, K Kamaraj put up with V V Giri till 1945.[9][10]

Political career

Elected to the Madras Governmental Assembly in 1946 as orderly Congress representative, Reddy became grub streeter of the Congress' legislature class.

He was also a 1 of the Indian Constituent Grouping from Madras.[12][13] From April 1949 to April 1951, he was the Minister for Prohibition, Casing and Forests of the State State.[14] Reddy lost the 1951 election to the Madras Governmental Assembly to the Communist commander Tarimela Nagi Reddy, his brother-in-law.[15]

Deputy Chief Minister of Andhra State

In 1951, in a closely broach election, he was elected Prexy of the Andhra Pradesh Legislature Committee defeating N G Ranga.[16][17] When the Andhra State was formed in 1953, T.

Prakasam became its Chief Minister advocate Reddy became the deputy.[18]

Chief Priest of Andhra Pradesh (1956–60, 1962–64)

After the formation of the realm of Andhra Pradesh by blanket Telangana with the Andhra Status, Reddy became its first Central Minister from 1 November 1956 to 11 January 1960.[19][20] Subside was Chief Minister for a-okay second time from 12 Go on foot 1962 to 20 February 1964, thus holding that office need over five years.[21] Reddy was MLA from Sri Kalahasti snowball Dhone respectively during his stints as Chief Minister.[22][23][24] The Nagarjuna Sagar and Srisailam multipurpose flow valley projects were initiated all along his tenure.[25] The Government manage Andhra Pradesh later renamed grandeur Srisailam project to Neelam Sanjiva Reddy Sagar in his honour.[26]

The Congress governments under Reddy tell stories emphasis on rural development, farming and allied sectors.[27] The alter towards industrialisation remained limited stream was largely driven by glory central government's investments in sizeable public sector enterprises in loftiness state.[28] Reddy's first term kind Chief Minister ended in 1960 after he resigned on growth elected President of the Amerind National Congress.

In 1964, blooper resigned voluntarily following unfavourable facts made against the Government honor Andhra Pradesh by the Topmost Court in the Bus Public relations Nationalisation case.[b][3][30]

Congress President (1960–62) enthralled Union Minister (1964–67)

Reddy served thrice as President of the Soldier National Congress at its Metropolis, Bhavnagar and Patna sessions generous 1960 to 1962.

At leadership Congress session at Goa blackhead 1962, Reddy's speech stating India's determination to end the Asiatic occupation of Indian territory roost the irrevocable nature of decency liberation of Goa was heartily received by attendees.[31][32] He was thrice member of the Rajya Sabha.[17] From June 1964, Reddy was Union Minister of Modify and Mines in the Lal Bahadur Shastri government.

He likewise served as Union Minister recompense Transport, Civil Aviation, Shipping illustrious Tourism from January 1966 line of attack March 1967 in Indira Gandhi's Cabinet.[14][33]

Speaker of the Lok Sabha (1967–69)

In the general elections hill 1967, Reddy was elected come near the Lok Sabha from Hindupur in Andhra Pradesh.[34] On 17 March 1967, Reddy was choice Speaker of the Fourth Lok Sabha becoming only the ordinal person to be elected Spieler of the house during their inaugural term.[35] To emphasize high-mindedness independence of the Speaker's reign, Reddy resigned from the Relation Party.[36][37] His term as Demagogue was marked by several firsts including the admission of unembellished No-Confidence Motion on the exact same day as the President's discourse to a joint session symbolize Parliament,[14] the handing down near a sentence of imprisonment aspire Contempt of the house[38] person in charge the setting up of nobility Committee on the Welfare panic about the Scheduled Castes and Forced Tribes.[14] During his term thanks to Speaker a defamation suit filed against him by an Marsh resulted in the Supreme Court's ruling that parliamentarians had unabridged freedom of speech in description House and that the courts had no say in much matters.[c][40][41] Reddy described his impersonation as being the 'watchman ticking off the Parliament'.[42] He however challenging several hostile encounters with Make ready Minister Indira Gandhi in significance House that proved costly during the time that he became, two years late, the Congress Party's nominee force to succeed Zakir Hussain as president.[43]

In 1969, following President Zakir Husain's death, the Congress party voted Reddy, a member of secure Syndicate faction, as candidate sense president although Prime Minister Indira Gandhi opposed him.[44] She was forced to accept Reddy chimpanzee the Congress party's official entrant and feared his election would allow the Syndicate to evict her from office.[45] She without prompting Congress legislators to "vote according to their conscience" rather puzzle blindly toe the Party rule, in effect giving a conduct to support the independent nominee V V Giri.[46] In boss closely fought election held expulsion 16 August 1969, V Definitely Giri emerged victorious, winning 48.01 per cent of the leading preference votes and subsequently derivation a majority on counting character second preference votes.

In birth final tally, Giri had 420,077 votes against the quota lady 418,169 votes required to assign elected president and Reddy confidential 405,427 votes.[47][48] The election stuffed to much discord within righteousness Congress Party and culminated swindle the historic split of 1969 and the subsequent rise be required of Indira Gandhi in Indian politics.[49][50]

Subsequently, Reddy, who had resigned monkey Speaker of the Lok Sabha to contest the election, old from active politics and affected back to Anantapur where do something took to farming.[51]

Return to quiescent politics (1975–82)

In response to Jayaprakash Narayan's call for a Spot on Revolution, Reddy emerged from reward political exile in 1975.

Touch a chord January 1977, he was obligated a member of the Cabinet of the Janata Party abide in March, he fought ethics General Election from the Nandyal (Lok Sabha constituency) in Andhra Pradesh as a Janata Regulation candidate. He was the solitary non-Congress candidate to be designate from Andhra Pradesh.[52][53] The Intercourse Party led by Prime Revivalist Indira Gandhi was defeated, success 30 years of Congress edict in India and a cardinal party coalition with Morarji Desai as its leader came make somebody's day power.[54] Reddy was unanimously chosen Speaker of the Sixth Lok Sabha on 26 March 1977.

However he resigned a insufficient months later to contest envisage the presidential elections of July 1977.[14] Reddy's second term by the same token Speaker lasted three months beam 17 days and remains work date the shortest tenure annoyed anyone to have held roam post.[55][56]

The presidential election of 1977 was necessitated by the stain in office of the parson Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed.

Although Groundbreaking Minister Morarji Desai wanted be familiar with nominate danseuse Rukmini Devi Arundale for the post, she iniquitous down the offer.[57] Reddy was elected unopposed, the only Commandant to be elected thus, puzzle out being unanimously supported by mount political parties including the counteraction Congress party.

At 64, sharp-tasting was the youngest person squeeze be elected President of Bharat until Droupadi Murmu was elective President in 2022.[58] He was also the only serious statesmanlike candidate to have contested dual – in 1969 against Definitely V Giri and in 1977.[59][60] 37 candidates had filed their nominations for the presidency have whom 36 were rejected fail to notice the returning officer.

Following these disqualifications, Reddy remained the exclusive validly nominated candidate in loftiness fray which made elections dispensable. Reddy thus became the final person to be elected Superintendent of India without a tournament and remains the only Concert-master to have been elected unopposed.[61][62]

Neelam Sanjiva Reddy was elected method 21 July 1977[53] and was sworn in as the ordinal President of India on 25 July 1977.

Reddy worked form a junction with three governments, with Prime Ministers Morarji Desai, Charan Singh additional Indira Gandhi.[63] Reddy announced, instruct the eve of India's 30th anniversary of Independence, that unwind would be moving out vacation the Rashtrapati Bhawan to regular smaller accommodation and that forbidden would be taking a 70 percent pay cut in cohesion with India's impoverished masses.[64][65]

Morarji Desai government (1977–79)

Relations between Reddy extract Desai soon soured over representation latter's promotion of his pin down, Kanti Desai, in politics gift over Desai's communication with Knack Ministers Vengala Rao and Channa Reddy on the issue wink land ceilings in Andhra Pradesh.[67] Following mass defections from integrity Janata Party and from interpretation cabinet, Morarji Desai's 30-month-old pronounce ended in July 1979 stern he handed in his notice to Reddy before a no-confidence motion could be tabled realize his government in Parliament.[68] Reddy's actions following Desai's resignation own acquire been much debated.

His determination to accept Desai's resignation once an alternative government created uncomplicated ministerial vacuum in the salaried according to H. M. Seervai.[69] The faction of the Janata Party supporting Desai continued bare have the support of 205 MPs as opposed to Charan Singh's 80 MPs.[69] Reddy drippy presidential discretion in choosing Charan Singh as the next Grade a Minister over a contending asseverate from Jagjivan Ram, the ruler of the Janata Party.[70][71]

Charan Singh government (1979)

Following Desai's resignation stomach the fall of the Janata government headed by him, Reddy appointed Charan Singh as maturity minister.

This was on rectitude condition that he should find guilty his majority on the level of the House before dignity end of August.[72] Singh was sworn in on 28 July 1979 but never faced Assembly to prove his majority while in the manner tha Reddy convened it on 20 August. Reddy had appointed him Prime Minister since he difficult to understand produced a letter claiming brand have a parliamentary majority strip off the support of the antagonism Congress Party led by culminate rival, the former Prime Missionary Indira Gandhi.[73][74] In return take over her support, Gandhi demanded think about it a law establishing special courts to try her and organized son Sanjay Gandhi be repealed – a proposition that was unacceptable to Charan Singh.[74] Statesman therefore withdrew her support, forcing Singh to resign.[75] His make lasted 24 days and oversight never faced Parliament.[76][77] The firm of appointing a prime evangelist in a hung House nevertheless with conditions on time be adjacent to prove majority was later adoptive by President R Venkataraman.[60][78]

Following Charan Singh's resignation, Reddy summoned Chandrashekhar and Jagjivan Ram to Rashtrapati Bhavan to look into excellence possibility of forming an moderate government.

Reddy, convinced that they would not be able private house form one, accepted Singh's cooperate and dissolved Lok Sabha, employment for a mid term election.[d][76][85][86] Singh was asked to hold out as the caretaker prime clergyman till a new government was sworn in after the selection.

Reddy's decision was met touch upon angry denunciations and protests harsh members of the Janata Establishment who even threatened to take him impeached.[87][88] Although heading excellent caretaker government, Singh proposed despite the fact that many as seven ordinances crest a broad range of stimulus from effecting changes in categorize law, providing state funding beat somebody to it elections and reservation of jobs for the backward classes.[89][90] Reddy however refused to promulgate prestige ordinances arguing that such hefty changes could not be notion by a caretaker government.[91]

Indira Gandhi's return to power (1980–82)

In integrity elections of 1980, Indira Gandhi's party the Indian National Legislature (I) returned to power incite winning 351 seats in birth Lok Sabha.

Neither the Janata Party nor Charan Singh's Lok Dal won the 54 sitting room needed for recognition as ethics official opposition in Parliament.[92] Indira was sworn in as crucial minister by Reddy for what would become her last designation in office in January 1980.[93][94] Between 1980 and 1982 Chief Reddy led seven state visits abroad, visiting the USSR, Bulgaria, Kenya, Zambia, the UK, Hibernia, Indonesia, Nepal, Sri Lanka sit Yugoslavia.[95][96] At home, as maestro, he signed an ordinance meander gave the new government nationalized powers to imprison people ferry up to a year needful of trial under preventive detention[97][98] spell ordered the imposition of President's rule in nine opposition-ruled states on the advice of probity government.[99]

Later life and death

Reddy was succeeded as president by Giani Zail Singh, who was on oath in on 25 July 1982.[100][101] In his farewell address restage the nation, Reddy criticised significance failure of successive governments shut in improving the lives of goodness Indian masses and called engage the emergence of a arduous political opposition to prevent deliberative misrule.[102][103] Following his presidential name, the then Chief Minister show signs of KarnatakaRamakrishna Hegde invited Reddy abide by settle down in Bangalore on the contrary he chose to retire on every side his farm in Anantapur.[104][105] Explicit died of pneumonia in Metropolis in 1996 at the contact of 83.[106] His samadhi enquiry at Kalpally Burial Ground, Bangalore.[107][108] Parliament mourned Reddy's death relations 11 June 1996 and people cutting across party lines paying him tribute and recalled her majesty contributions to the nation nearby the House.[109]

Reddy authored a paperback, Without Fear or Favour: Records and Reflections of a President, published in 1989.[110]

Commemoration

Sanjiva Reddy's commencement centenary was celebrated in 2013 by the Government of Andhra Pradesh with the concluding acclamation in Anantapur being addressed by means of President Pranab Mukherjee and accommodate the Chief Ministers of Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka in attendance.[111][112][113] The Postal Department of Bharat released a commemorative stamp highest special cover in honour realize Reddy on the occasion rule his birth centenary.[114] In City, there is the Neelam Sanjeeva Reddy College of Education.

In that part of the centenary annals of his birth, the Direction of Andhra Pradesh has proclaimed that it will rename blue blood the gentry Andhra Pradesh State Revenue Faculty, Reddy's alma mater the State Arts College and the Authority Medical College, Anantapur after description former president.[114][115] In the Sixties, when he was Union Pastor for Mines, a statue love him had been unveiled artificial Vijayawada by K.

Kamaraj, picture then president of the Assembly Party, prompting Reddy to interrogate for its removal as closure deemed the practice of erection statues of people holding get out office undesirable.[116] A statue show consideration for Sanjiva Reddy, unveiled in 2005, stands at the Andhra Pradesh Secretariat (now Telangana Secretariat) make Hyderabad.[117]

In popular culture

Neelam Sanjiva Reddy – President of India practical a 1982 shortdocumentary film compelled by Prem Vaidya & Motto.

L. Kaul and produced overtake the Films Division of Bharat, covering his term of presidency.[118]

The character Mahendranath, Chief Minister sight the fictional state of Afrozabad in former Prime Minister Holder V Narasimha Rao's novel, The Insider, is based on Reddy, portraying his career in Andhra Pradesh and his political contest with Kasu Brahmananda Reddy.[119][120]

Explanatory notes

  1. ^B.

    D. Jatti acting president appropriate 6 months.

  2. ^In C. S. Rowjee And Others vs Andhra Pradesh State Road Transport Corporation (APSRTC), the petitioners accused the APSRTC of having acted mala fide under the orders of ethics Chief Minister, Sanjiva Reddy, slice ordering the nationalisation of coach routes in the Kurnool partition of Andhra Pradesh.

    In close-fitting verdict, the Supreme Court empirical "that [it was] to assign effect to the wishes interrupt the Chief Minister expressed [...] that the impugned schemes were formulated by the Corporation have a word with therefore, it would be misbehaving by malafides notwithstanding the mediation of the semi-autonomous corporation."[29] Dignity Supreme Court also observed think it over the allegations [of "bias turf personal ill-will against the appellants"] were neither denied by loftiness Chief Minister nor were affidavits stating the Government's position filed in the High Court.

    Other the Supreme Court observed renounce the counter-affidavits, while denying roam the APSRTC was acting rot the behest of the Superior Minister, failed to explain character choice of Kurnool district teach nationalisation of the routes.[29] Worry effect this was a censure of Reddy's role.

  3. ^In Tej Kiran Jain And Others vs Symbolic.

    Sanjiva Reddy, the Supreme Have a stab ruled that what MPs asseverate in Parliament "is only problem to the discipline of glory rules of Parliament, the benefit sense of the members humbling the control of proceedings hunk the Speaker. The courts keep no say in the complication and should really have none."[39] The case dealt with undeniable references made against the Shankaracharya of Puri during a Occupation Attention Motion introduced in illustriousness House.

  4. ^Reddy's choice was between tolerant the outgoing Prime Minister Charan Singh's advice of dissolving leadership Lok Sabha or giving Jagjivan Ram, leader of the Janata Party, the largest single cabal there, a chance of formation the government.[79][80] Reddy was catch on the possibility of equine trading and accepted Singh's advice.[81] Jagjivan Ram's claim to acquiring a majority were overlooked[82] extremity elections called prompting accusations detect racial prejudice and political subject upmanship against Reddy.[83][84]

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