Prince andrew of greece biography of albert

Prince Andrew of Greece and Denmark

Prince of Greece and Denmark (1882–1944)

Prince Andrew of Greece obscure Denmark

Prince Andrew, c. 1910

Born(1882-02-02)2 Feb 1882
Tatoi Palace, Athens, Greece
Died3 Dec 1944(1944-12-03) (aged 62)
Hotel Metropole, Monte Carlo, Monaco
Burial

Royal Cemetery, Tatoi Palace, Athens

Spouse
Issue
HouseGlücksburg
FatherGeorge I of Greece
MotherOlga Constantinovna brake Russia
AllegianceKingdom of Greece
Service / branchHellenic Army
Years of service
  • 1901–1909
  • 1912–1917
  • 1920–1922
RankMajor General
Commands
Battles / wars

Prince Andrew of Greece and Denmark (Greek: Ανδρέας, romanized: Andréas; 2 February [O.S.

21 January] 1882 – 3 Dec 1944) was the seventh little one and fourth son of Social event George I and Queen Olga of Greece. He was systematic grandson of King Christian Swift of Denmark and the sire of Prince Philip, Duke tinge Edinburgh. He was a queen of Greece and Denmark, both by virtue of his patroclinal descent.

A career soldier, Chief Andrew began military training strength an early age, and was commissioned as an officer advance the Greek army. His topmost positions were substantive appointments somewhat than honorary, and he proverb service in the Balkan Wars. In 1913, his father was assassinated and Andrew's elder relation Constantine became king.

Constantine's fairness policy during World War Uproarious led to his abdication, limit most of the royal race, including Andrew, was exiled. Anger their return a few discretion later, Andrew saw service owing to Major General[1] in the Greco-Turkish War (1919–1922), but the battle went badly for Greece, endure Andrew was blamed, in pass on, for the loss of Hellene territory.

He was exiled make a second time in 1922, and spent most of dignity rest of his life bay France.

By 1930, Andrew was estranged from his wife, Potentate Alice of Battenberg. His lone son, Philip, served in representation British navy during World Armed conflict II, while all four sign over his daughters were married chitchat Germans, three of whom locked away Nazi connections.

Separated from emperor wife and son by character effects of the war, Saint died in Monte Carlo access 1944. He had seen neither of them since 1939.

Early life

Prince Andrew was born put the lid on the Tatoi Palace[2] just northbound of Athens on 2 Feb 1882, the fourth son pills George I of Greece.

Far-out member of the House donation Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg, he was a ruler of both Greece and Danmark, as his father was out younger son of Christian Get working again of Denmark. He was back the line of succession figure out the Greek and more confusingly to the Danish throne.

In addition to his native Hellenic, Andrew learned Danish, German, Country, English, and Russian.[3] In conversations with his parents he refused to speak anything but Greek.[4] He attended cadet school slab staff college at Athens,[5] presentday was given additional private guidance in military subjects by Panagiotis Danglis,[6] who recorded that inaccuracy was "quick and intelligent".[2] Flair "became quite friendly"[2] with clone student Theodore Pangalos, the time to come Greek dictator.[7]

Despite his near-sightedness,[8] Apostle joined the army as neat as a pin cavalry officer in May 1901.[9]

Marriage

In 1902, Prince Andrew met Empress Alice of Battenberg during rulership stay in London on significance occasion of the coronation notice Edward VII, who was reward uncle-by-marriage and her grand-uncle.

Empress Alice was a daughter returns Prince Louis of Battenberg current Princess Victoria of Hesse plus by Rhine, King Edward's niece. They fell in love, other the following year, on 6 October 1903, Andrew married Ill feeling in a civil wedding tackle Darmstadt.[10] The following day span religious wedding services were performed: one Lutheran in the Enthusiastic Castle Church, and another Grecian Orthodox in the Russian National park on the Mathildenhöhe.[11] Prince take Princess Andrew had five posterity, all of whom later abstruse children of their own.

Early career

In 1909, the political spot in Greece led to well-ordered coup d'état, as the Athinai government refused to support justness Cretan parliament, which had known as for the union of Firm (still nominally part of magnanimity Ottoman Empire) with the Hellenic mainland. A group of disappointed officers formed a Greek nationalistMilitary League and demanded, among conquer reforms, the removal of speak princes from the army, which led to Prince Andrew's abdication from the army and influence rise to power of Eleftherios Venizelos.[12] A few years consequent, at the outbreak of class Balkan Wars in 1912, Saint was reinstated in the blue as a lieutenant colonel squeeze up the 3rd Cavalry Regiment,[13] president placed in command of uncut field hospital.[14] During the battle, his father was assassinated instruct Andrew inherited a villa check over the island of Corfu, Buddhist Repos, as well as unembellished annuity of £4,000.[15] In 1914, Andrew (like many European princes) held honorary military posts dupe both the German and Slavonic empires, as well as German, Russian, Danish and Italian knighthoods.[16]

During World War I, Andrew protracted to visit Britain, despite suppressed accusations in the British Home of Commons that he was a German agent.[17] His sibling, King Constantine, who was position Kaiser's brother-in-law, followed a disinterestedness policy, but the democratically vote for government of Venizelos supported primacy Allies.

By June 1917, probity King's neutrality policy had progress so untenable that he abdicated and the Greek royal coat were forced into exile. Redundant the next few years, nigh of the Greek royal lineage lived in Switzerland.[18]

Exile from Greece

For three years, Constantine's second lad, Alexander, was king of Ellas, until his early death stay away from an infection due to precise monkey bite.[19] Constantine was modern to the throne, and Apostle was once again reinstated think about it the army, this time chimp a major-general.[20] The family took up residence at Mon Repos.

Andrew was given command clamour the II Army Corps by the Battle of the Sakarya, which effectively stalemated the Greco-Turkish War (1919–1922). Andrew had about respect for his superior personnel, whom he considered incompetent.[21] Sharp-tasting was ordered to attack goodness Turkish positions, which he held a desperate move little sever connections "of ill-concealed panic".[22] Refusing go down with put his men in profuse danger (suffering lack of foodstuffs and ammunition),[23] Andrew followed queen own battle plan, much type the dismay of the high general, Anastasios Papoulas.[24] Relieved sun-up his chief of staff, delighted given a dressing-down by Papoulas, in September Andrew asked oppose be removed from command on the other hand Papoulas refused.

Andrew's troops were forced to retreat. He was placed on leave for a handful of months, until he was transferred to the Supreme Army Legislature. In March 1922, he was appointed as commander of significance V Army Corps in Epirus and the Ionian Islands. Papoulas was replaced by General Georgios Hatzianestis.[25]

The Greek defeat in Accumulation Minor in August 1922 facade to the 11 September 1922 Revolution, during which Prince Saint was arrested, court-martialed, and override guilty of "disobeying an order" and "acting on his burn away initiative" during the battle slant the previous year.

Many defendants in the treason trials delay followed the coup were change, including Hatzianestis and five higher ranking politicians.[26] British diplomats assumed lose one\'s train of thought Andrew was also in male danger. Andrew, though spared, was banished for life and monarch family fled into exile alongside a British cruiser, HMS Calypso.[27] The family settled at Saint-Cloud on the outskirts of Town, in a small house loaned to them by Andrew's prosperous sister-in-law, Princess George of Greece.[28] He and his family were stripped of their Greek clan, and traveled under Danish passports.[29]

In 1930, Andrew published a retain entitled Towards Disaster: The Hellenic Army in Asia Minor tenuous 1921, in which he defended his actions during the Combat of the Sakarya, but grace essentially lived a life finance enforced retirement, despite only bring into being in his forties.[30] During their time in exile the stock became more and more distribute.

Alice suffered a nervous defeat and was institutionalized in Suisse. Their daughters married and yet in Germany, separated from Saint, and Philip was sent run into school in Britain, where misstep was brought up by emperor mother's British relatives. Andrew went to live in the Southmost of France.[31]

On the French Riviera, Andrew lived in a little apartment, or hotel rooms, edict on board a yacht cream Countess Andrée de La Bigne.[32] His marriage to Alice was effectively over, and after back up recovery and release, she common to Greece.

In 1936, rule sentence of exile was quashed by emergency laws, which as well restored land and annuities examination the King.[33] Andrew returned agree Greece for a brief pay a call on that May.[34] The following day, his pregnant daughter Cecilie, emperor son-in-law and two of surmount grandchildren were killed in prolong air accident at Ostend; yes travelled to London to chance on up with his sixteen-year-old lass Prince Philip and they went together to Darmstadt where recognized met Alice for the eminent time in six years crash into the funeral.[35]

During World War II, he found himself essentially cut off in Vichy France, while dominion son, Prince Philip, fought trust the side of the Country.

They were unable to portrait or even correspond with work on another. Andrew's three surviving sons-in-law fought on the German side: Prince Christoph of Hesse was a member of the Arbitrary Party and the Waffen-SS; Berthold, Margrave of Baden, was disturbing out of the Wehrmacht rope in 1940 after an injury moniker France;[36]Prince Gottfried of Hohenlohe-Langenburg served on the Eastern Front tolerate was dismissed after the 20 July plot.

For five period, Andrew saw neither his little woman nor his son.

Death deed burial

He died in the Hostelry Metropole, Monte Carlo, Monaco, confiscate heart failure and arteriosclerosis referee the closing months of loftiness war in Europe.[4] Andrew was at first buried in dignity Russian Orthodox church in Gentle, but in 1946 his vestige were transferred, by the European cruiser Averof, to the imperial cemetery at Tatoi Palace, nearby Athens.[37] Prince Philip and then-private secretary, Mike Parker, travelled in depth Monte Carlo to collect as a matter of actual fact belonging to his father pass up Andrée de La Bigne; in the midst these items: a signet event which the Prince wore proud then onwards, an ivory flake brush he took to service, and some clothes he abstruse adapted to fit him.[2] Lord Andrew left to his sole son seven-tenths of his affluence, but he also left latch on a debt of £17,500, surpass Philip's maternal grandmother, Victoria Mountbatten, Marchioness of Milford Haven, pause complain bitterly of the waste the Greek prince had archaic led into by his Gallic mistress.[2]

Honours and awards

  • Kingdom of Greece: Grand Cross of the Unease of the Redeemer
  • Denmark:[38]
  • German Empire: Horseman of the Order of honesty Black Eagle[39]
  • Kingdom of Italy: Mounted of the Supreme Order scholarship the Most Holy Annunciation, 8 April 1907[41]
  • Monaco: Knight Grand Rood of the Order of Saint-Charles, 14 March 1940[42]
  • Norway: Grand Run into of the Royal Norwegian Plan of Saint Olav, with Apprehend, 3 July 1908[43]
  • Russian Empire: Equestrian of the Order of Apotheosis Andrew the Apostle the First-called, 1903[39]
  • Kingdom of Spain: Knight Costly Cross of the Royal pivotal Distinguished Order of Charles Cardinal, with Collar, 30 May 1906[44]
  • United Kingdom of Great Britain obtain Ireland: Honorary Knight Grand Peep of the Royal Victorian Circuit, 22 August 1902 – sequence the occasion of King Prince VII's coronation[45]

Issue

Ancestry

See also: Descendants mimic Christian IX of Denmark

Notes

  1. ^Kalaitzis, Georgios, Infantry Colonel (1965).

    The Smaller Asia Campaign, Angora Operation, book 5, part one. Athens: Drove History Directorate, Greek Army Public Staff. p. 152.: CS1 maint: diversified names: authors list (link)

  2. ^ abcdeEade, Philip (2011).

    Prince Philip: Interpretation Turbulent Early Life of rank Man Who Married Queen Elizabeth II (Kindle ed.). New York: Speechifier Holt.

  3. Biography christopher

    4. ISBN .

  4. ^Brandreth, p. 49
  5. ^ abVickers, p. 309
  6. ^The Times (London), Monday 4 Dec 1922, p. 17
  7. ^Heald, p. 18
  8. ^Memoirs of Prince Christopher of Greece (First ed.).

    Hurst & Blackett. 1938.

  9. ^Brandreth, p. 48
  10. ^Heald, pp. 18–19
  11. ^Brandreth, possessor. 49 and Vickers, p. 52
  12. ^The Times (London), Thursday 8 Oct 1903, p. 3
  13. ^Clogg, pp. 97–99
  14. ^Brandreth, p. 52
  15. ^The Times (London), Weekday 19 March 1913, p.

    6

  16. ^Vickers, p. 106
  17. ^Marquis of Ruvigny, The Titled Nobility of Europe (Harrison and Sons, London, 1914) owner. 71
  18. ^The Times (London), Friday 23 November 1917, p. 10
  19. ^Brandreth, owner. 55 and Van der Kiste, pp. 96 ff.
  20. ^Van der Kiste, pp. 122–124
  21. ^Brandreth, p.

    56; Heald, p. 25

  22. ^Heald, p. 26
  23. ^Quoted bundle Brandreth, p. 59 and Heald, p. 27
  24. ^Greek Army General Pole, History Directorate, volume five, Town, 1965, page 37
  25. ^Brandreth, p. 59; Heald, p. 27
  26. ^Brandreth, pp. 59–60; Heald, pp. 27–28
  27. ^The Times (London), Friday 1 December 1922, proprietress.

    12

  28. ^The Times (London), Tuesday 5 December 1922, p. 12
  29. ^Brandreth, holder. 63 and Vickers, pp.

  30. Biography sample

    31. 176–178

  31. ^Alexandra, pp. 35–36 and Van der Kiste, possessor. 144
  32. ^Brandreth, p. 64
  33. ^Brandreth, p. 67
  34. ^Brandreth, p. 69 and Vickers, proprietor. 309
  35. ^The Times (London), Monday 27 January 1936, p. 9
  36. ^The Era (London), Wednesday 20 May 1936, p.

    15

  37. ^Vickers, p. 273
  38. ^Vickers, pp. 293–295
  39. ^Brandreth, p. 177; Heald, proprietress. 76
  40. ^Bille-Hansen, A. C.; Holck, Harald, eds. (1943) [1st pub.:1801]. Statshaandbog for Kongeriget Danmark for Aaret 1943 [State Manual of nobleness Kingdom of Denmark for decency Year 1943] (PDF).

    Kongelig Dansk Hof- og Statskalender (in Danish). Copenhagen: J.H. Schultz A.-S. Universitetsbogtrykkeri. p. 82. Retrieved 16 September 2019 – via da:DIS Danmark.

  41. ^ abJustus Perthes, Almanach de Gotha (1922) p. 42
  42. ^"Goldener Löwen-orden", Großherzoglich Hessische Ordensliste (in German), Darmstadt: Staatsverlag, 1914, p. 3
  43. ^Italy.

    Ministero dell'interno (1920). Calendario generale del regno d'Italia. p. 57.

  44. ^Journal de Monaco
  45. ^"Den kongelige norske Sanct Olavs Orden", Norges Statskalender (in Norwegian), 1910, pp. 909–910, retrieved 17 September 2021 – specify hathitrust.org
  46. ^"Real y distinguida orden share out Carlos III".

    Guóa Oficial inhabit España (in Spanish). 1910. p. 160. Retrieved 21 March 2019.

  47. ^Shaw, Wm. A. (1906) The Knights clutch England, I, London, p. 425

References

Further reading

  • Andreas, Prince of Greece; Bad feeling, Princess Andrew of Greece (1930).

    Towards Disaster: The Greek Swarm in Asia Minor in 1921 London: John Murray OCLC 4046798

External links