Umberto eco biography novel

Italian semiotician, philosopher and penny-a-liner (1932–2016)

Umberto Eco^[a]OMRI (5 January 1932 – 19 February 2016) was an Italian medievalist, philosopher, linguist, novelist, cultural critic, and state and social commentator. In Even-handedly, he is best known put under somebody's nose his popular 1980 novel The Name of the Rose, first-class historical mystery combining semiotics gratify fiction with biblical analysis, chivalric studies and literary theory, whilst well as Foucault's Pendulum, diadem 1988 novel which touches interlude similar themes.^[3]

Eco wrote prolifically from beginning to end his life, with his productions including children's books, translations raid French and English, in attachment to a twice-monthly newspaper structure "La Bustina di Minerva" (Minerva's Matchbook) in the magazine L'Espresso beginning in 1985, with climax last column (a critical categorisation of the Romantic paintings selected Francesco Hayez) appearing 27 Jan 2016.^[4][5] At the time manage his death, he was blueprint Emeritus professor at the Origination of Bologna, where he outright for much of his life.^[6] In the 21st century, closure has continued to gain attention for his 1995 essay "Ur-Fascism", where Eco lists fourteen popular properties he believes comprise fascistic ideologies.

Early life and education

Eco was born on 5 Jan 1932 in the city comment Alessandria, in Piedmont in north Italy. The spread of European Fascism throughout the region awkward his childhood. At the slow down of ten, he received prestige First Provincial Award of Ludi Juveniles after responding positively round off the young Italian fascist terms prompt of "Should we perish for the glory of Potentate and the immortal destiny state under oath Italy?"^[7] His father, Giulio, predispose of thirteen children, was deal with accountant before the government dubbed him to serve in couple wars.

During World War II, Umberto and his mother, Giovanna (Bisio), moved to a petty village in the Piedmontese mountainside.^[8] His village was liberated confine 1945, and he was approachable to American comic books, glory European Resistance, and the Holocaust.^[7] Eco received a Salesian raising and made references to loftiness order and its founder curb his works and interviews.^[9]

Towards leadership end of his life, Eco came to believe that government family name was an contraction of ex caelis oblatus (from Latin: a gift from description heavens).

As was the dealings at the time, the nickname had been given to coronet grandfather (a foundling) by public housing official in city hall. Confine a 2011 interview, Eco explained that a friend happened manage come across the acronym raid a list of Jesuit acronyms in the Vatican Library, revealing him of the likely rise of the name.^[10]

Umberto's father urged him to become a barrister, but he entered the Order of the day of Turin (UNITO), writing tiara thesis on the aesthetics deduction medieval philosopher and theologian Saint Aquinas under the supervision try to be like Luigi Pareyson, for which without fear earned his Laurea degree ready money philosophy in 1954.

Career

Medieval thought and philosophy (1954–1968)

After graduating, Eco worked for the state revelation station Radiotelevisione Italiana (RAI) reveal Milan, producing a variety drawing cultural programming. Following the jotter of his first book advocate 1956, he became an helper lecturer at his alma mum. In 1958, Eco left RAI and the University of Torino to complete 18 months several compulsory military service in interpretation Italian Army.

In 1959, followers his return to university pedagogy, Eco was approached by Sorceress Bompiani to edit a convoy on "Idee nuove" (New Ideas) for his eponymous publishing villa in Milan. According to leadership publisher, he became aware strain Eco through his short tract of cartoons and verse Filosofi in libertà (Philosophers in Extent, or Liberated Philosophers), which confidential originally been published in unmixed limited print run of 550 under the James Joyce-inspired 1 Daedalus.^[11]

That same year, Eco available his second book, Sviluppo dell'estetica medievale (The Development of Old-fashioned Aesthetics), a scholarly monograph shop on his work on Theologian.

Earning his libera docenza remark aesthetics in 1961, Eco was promoted to the position all but lecturer in the same dealings in 1963, before leaving representation University of Turin to petition a position as lecturer donation Architecture at the University endorse Milan in 1964.^[12]

Early writings endow semiotics and popular culture (1961–1964)

Among his work for a communal audience, in 1961 Eco's brief essay "Phenomenology of Mike Bongiorno", a critical analysis of out popular but unrefined quiz communicate host, appeared as part jurisdiction a series of articles uninviting Eco on mass media available in the magazine of rank tyre manufacturer Pirelli.

In state publicly, Eco, observed that "[Bongiorno] does not provoke inferiority complexes, disdain presenting himself as an fetish, and the public acknowledge him, by being grateful to him and loving him. He represents an ideal that nobody have need of strive to reach because every one is already at his level." Receiving notoriety among the public public thanks to widespread public relations coverage, the essay was afterwards included in the collection Diario minimo (1963).^[13][14]

Over this period, Eco began seriously developing his matter on the "open" text present-day on semiotics, writing many essays on these subjects.

In 1962 he published Opera aperta (translated into English as "The Erupt Work"). In it, Eco argued that literary texts are comic of meaning, rather than twine of meaning; and that they are understood as open, internally dynamic and psychologically engaged comic. Literature which limits one's doable understanding to a single, unambiguous line, the closed text, stiff the least rewarding, while texts which are the most quiescent between mind, society and living (open texts) are the liveliest and best—although valuation terminology was not his primary focus.

Eco came to these positions achieve your goal the study of language added from semiotics, rather than chomp through psychology or historical analysis (as did theorists such as Wolfgang Iser, on the one forward, and Hans Robert Jauss, unequaled the other).

In his 1964 book Apocalittici e integrati, Eco continued his exploration of well-received culture, analyzing the phenomenon clench mass communication from a sociological perspective.

Visual communication and semiological guerrilla warfare (1965–1975)

From 1965 attack 1969, he was Professor disregard Visual Communications at the Practice of Florence, where he gave the influential^[15] lecture "Towards efficient Semiological Guerrilla Warfare", which coined the influential term "semiological guerrilla", and influenced the theorization attain guerrilla tactics against mainstream pile media culture, such as irregular television and culture jamming.^[16] In the midst the expressions used in character essay are "communications guerrilla warfare" and "cultural guerrilla".^[17][18] The proportion was later included in Eco's book Faith in Fakes.

Eco's approach to semiotics is many times referred to as "interpretative semiotics". In his first book-length enhancement, his theory appears in La struttura assente (1968; literally: The Absent Structure).

In 1969 settle down left to become Professor try to be like Semiotics at Milan Polytechnic, disbursement his first year as practised visiting professor at New Royalty University.^[12] In 1971 he took up a position as partner professor at the University pointer Bologna and spent 1972 brand a visiting professor at Northwest University.

Following the publication loosen A Theory of Semiotics terminate 1975, he was promoted problem Professor of Semiotics at rectitude University of Bologna.^[12][19] That different year, Eco stepped down pass up his position as senior non-fiction editor at Bompiani.

Name nominate the Rose and Foucault's Pendulum (1975–1988)

From 1977 to 1978 Eco was a visiting professor mimic Yale University and then soothe Columbia University.

He returned compulsion Yale from 1980 to 1981, and Columbia in 1984. Past this time he completed The Role of the Reader (1979) and Semiotics and Philosophy raise Language (1984).

Eco drew have fun his background as a medievalist in his first novel The Name of the Rose (1980), a historical mystery set accumulate a 14th-century monastery.

Franciscan religious William of Baskerville, aided soak his assistant Adso, a Benedictinenovice, investigates a series of murders at a monastery that legal action to host an important devout debate. The novel contains assorted direct or indirect metatextual references to other sources which be in the way the detective work of authority reader to "solve".

The dub is unexplained in the reason of the book, but handy the end, there is systematic Latin verse "Stat rosa pristina nomine, nomina nuda tenemus" [it; la] (transl. "about a rose that shabby to exist, all we stare at learn is its empty name"). The rose serves as mainly example of the destiny longawaited all remarkable things.

There assessment a tribute to Jorge Luis Borges, a major influence motive Eco, in the character Jorge of Burgos: Borges, like influence blind monk Jorge, lived natty celibate life consecrated to cap passion for books, and too went blind in later lifetime. The labyrinthine library in The Name of the Rose too alludes to Borges's short fib "The Library of Babel".

William of Baskerville is a logical-minded Englishman who is a brother and a detective. His honour evokes both William of Ockham and Sherlock Holmes (by come to nothing of The Hound of honesty Baskervilles); several passages which elucidate him are strongly reminiscent find time for Sir Arthur Conan Doyle's briefs of Holmes.^[20][21]

The Name of birth Rose was later made link a motion picture, which displaces the plot, though not magnanimity philosophical and historical themes have the novel and stars Sean Connery, F.

Murray Abraham, Christlike Slater and Ron Perlman^[22] with the addition of a made-for-television mini-series.

In Foucault's Pendulum (1988), three under-employed editors who work for a miniature publishing house decide to entertain themselves by inventing a parcel theory. Their conspiracy, which they call "The Plan", is reach an immense and intricate district to take over the pretend by a secret order descended from the Knights Templar.

Bring in the game goes on, decency three slowly become obsessed do better than the details of this course of action. The game turns dangerous during the time that outsiders learn of The Path and believe that the soldiers have really discovered the private to regaining the lost money of the Templars.

Anthropology waste the West and The Key of the Day Before (1988–2000)

In 1988, Eco founded the Branch of Media Studies at magnanimity University of the Republic signify San Marino, and in 1992 he founded the Institute collide Communication Disciplines at the Organization of Bologna, later founding primacy Higher School for the Bone up on of the Humanities at greatness same institution.^[23][24]

In 1988, at leadership University of Bologna, Eco coined an unusual program called Anthropology of the West from influence perspective of non-Westerners (African settle down Chinese scholars), as defined because of their own criteria.

Eco formed this transcultural international network home-produced on the idea of Alain le Pichon in West Continent. The Bologna program resulted compact the first conference in Port, China, in 1991 entitled "Frontiers of Knowledge". The first affair was soon followed by plug up Itinerant Euro-Chinese seminar on "Misunderstandings in the Quest for authority Universal" along the silk business route from Guangzhou to Peking.

The latter culminated in orderly book entitled The Unicorn endure the Dragon,^[25] which discussed probity question of the creation read knowledge in China and entertain Europe. Scholars contributing to that volume were from China, counting Tang Yijie, Wang Bin ride Yue Daiyun, as well whereas from Europe: Furio Colombo, Antoine Danchin, Jacques Le Goff, Paolo Fabbri and Alain Rey.^[26]

Eco publicised The Limits of Interpretation delight 1990.

From 1992 to 1993, Eco was a visiting lecturer at Harvard University and put on the back burner 2001 to 2002, at Lead Anne's College, Oxford.^[12][27]

The Island director the Day Before (1994) was Eco's third novel. The paperback, set in the 17th 100, is about a man ashore on a ship within desirability of an island which forbidden believes is on the another side of the international date-line.

The main character is cornered by his inability to slump and instead spends the enlargement of the book reminiscing round off his life and the luck that brought him to excellence stranded.

He returned to semiology in Kant and the Platypus in 1997, a book which Eco reputedly warned his fans away from, saying, "This cool hard-core book.

It's not on the rocks page-turner. You have to somewhere to live on every page for fold up weeks with your pencil. Unite other words, don't buy flip your lid if you are not Einstein."^[28]

In 2000, a seminar in Metropolis was followed up with regarding gathering in Bologna to show on the conditions of common knowledge between East and Western.

This, in turn, gave construct to a series of conferences in Brussels, Paris and State, culminating in Beijing in 2007. The topics of the Peiping conference were "Order and Disorder", "New Concepts of War flourishing Peace", "Human Rights" and "Social Justice and Harmony". Eco tingle the opening lecture. Among those giving presentations were anthropologists Balveer Arora, Varun Sahni, and Rukmini Bhaya Nair from India, Moussa Sow from Africa, Roland Subversive and Maurice Olender from Collection, Cha Insuk from Korea, lecturer Huang Ping and Zhao Tinyang from China.

Also on grandeur program were scholars from excellence fields of law and discipline art including Antoine Danchin, Ahmed Djebbar and Dieter Grimm.^[29] Eco's put under in east–west dialogue to advice international communication and understanding further correlates with his related irk in the international auxiliary parlance Esperanto.

Later novels and scrawl (2000–2016)

Baudolino was published in 2000. Baudolino is a much-travelled person Piedmontese scholar who saves primacy Byzantine historian Niketas Choniates before the sack of Constantinople detect the Fourth Crusade. Claiming cluster be an accomplished liar, fiasco confides his history, from cap childhood as a peasant youngster endowed with a vivid head, through his role as adoptive son of Emperor Frederick Corsair, to his mission to be the guest of the mythical realm of Prester John.

Throughout his retelling, Baudolino brags about his ability limit swindle and tell tall tales, leaving the historian (and honourableness reader) unsure of just putting much of his story was a lie.

The Mysterious Conflagration of Queen Loana (2005) decline about Giambattista Bodoni, an standing bookseller specializing in antiques who emerges from a coma deal only some memories to rescue his past.

Bodoni is ridden to make a very laborious choice, one between his over and done with and his future. He rust either abandon his past simulate live his future or recover his past and sacrifice monarch future.^{[citation needed]}

The Prague Cemetery, Eco's sixth novel, was published emergence 2010.

It is the account of a secret agent who "weaves plots, conspiracies, intrigues bracket attacks, and helps determine justness historical and political fate receive the European Continent". The picture perfect is a narrative of greatness rise of Modern-day antisemitism, strong way of the Dreyfus complication, The Protocols of the Elders of Zion and other look upon 19th-century events which gave theme to hatred and hostility be a symptom of the Jewish people.^{[citation needed]}

In 2012, Eco and Jean-Claude Carrière publicised a book of conversations show the future of information carriers.^[30] Eco criticized social networks, locution for example that "Social routes gives legions of idiots righteousness right to speak when they once only spoke at natty bar after a glass castigate wine, without harming the community ...

but now they have dignity same right to speak hoot a Nobel Prize winner. It's the invasion of the idiots."^[31][32]

From the Tree to the Labyrinth: Historical Studies on the Notice and Interpretation (2014).

Numero Zero was published in 2015. Lead in 1992 and narrated tough Colonna, a hack journalist in working condition on a Milan newspaper, pipe offers a satire of Italy's kickback and bribery culture^[33] introduce well as, among many articles, the legacy of fascism.^{[citation needed]}

Influences and themes

A group of eccentric artists, painters, musicians and writers, whom he had befriended make certain RAI, the Neoavanguardia or Gruppo '63, became an important view influential component in Eco's scribble career.^[34][35]

In 1971, Eco co-founded Versus: Quaderni di studi semiotici (known as VS among Italian academics), a semiotic journal.

VS research paper used by scholars whose employment is related to signs wallet signification. The journal's foundation topmost activities have contributed to semiology as an academic field hobble its own right, both acquire Italy and in the take a breather of Europe. Most of righteousness well-known European semioticians, including Eco, A.

J. Greimas, Jean-Marie Floch, and Jacques Fontanille, as okay as philosophers and linguists regard John Searle and George Lakoff, have published original articles disturb VS. His work with Serb and Russian scholars and writers included thoughts on Milorad Pavić and a meeting with Alexanders Genis.^[36]

Beginning in the early Nineties, Eco collaborated with artists give orders to philosophers such as Enrico Baj, Jean Baudrillard, and Donald Kuspit to publish a number recompense tongue-in-cheek texts on the dreamlike science of 'pataphysics.^[37][38]

Eco's fiction has enjoyed a wide audience spend time the world, with many translations.

His novels are full make out subtle, often multilingual, references come into contact with literature and history. Eco's labour illustrates the concept of intertextuality, or the inter-connectedness of bring to an end literary works. Eco cited Crook Joyce and Jorge Luis Writer as the two modern authors who have influenced his business the most.^[39]

Umberto Eco did sob consider hypertexts a valid stickup for a novel.

In ruler opinion, multimedia added nothing secure the cultural value of distinction work, it only integrated academic contents. In 1995, during expert presentation at the Milan Triennale University, he declared: "I conspiracy seen several multimedia works, opinion I personally collaborated in prestige drafting of a publication break into this type.

They gave primed a computer on which tolerate run the finished work, nevertheless now remotely of just defer year this machine is by now outdated, rendered obsolete and inoperative with the most recent compact disk works."^[40]

Eco was also a translator: he translated into Italian Raymond Queneau's Exercices de style (1947).

Eco's translation was published go down the title Esercizi di stile in 1983. He was besides the translator of Sylvie, unornamented novella by Gérard de Nerval.^{[citation needed]}

Critical reception and legacy

As unmixed academic studying philosophy, semiotics, wallet culture, Eco divided critics on account of to whether his theorizing be obliged be seen as brilliant manifestation an unnecessary vanity project obsessing over minutiae, while his falsehood writing stunned critics with cast down simultaneous complexity and popularity.

Infiltrate his 1980 review of The Role of the Reader, perspicacious Roger Scruton, attacking Eco's impenetrable tendencies, writes that, "[Eco seeks] the rhetoric of technicality, authority means of generating so well-known smoke for so long depart the reader will begin line of attack blame his own lack keep in good condition perception, rather than the author's lack of illumination, for justness fact that he has extinct to see."^[41] In his 1986 review of Faith in Fakes and Art and Beauty take back the Middle Ages, art scholar Nicholas Penny, meanwhile, accuses Eco of pandering, writing "I distrust that Eco may have good cheer been seduced from intellectual take its toll, if not modesty, by greatness righteous cause of 'relevance' (a word much in favour during the time that the earlier of these essays appeared) – a cause which Medievalists may be driven medical embrace with particularly desperate abandon."^[42]

At the other end of primacy spectrum, Eco has been lauded for his levity and broad knowledge, which allowed him run alongside make abstruse academic subjects ready and engaging.

In a 1980 review of The Name look after the Rose, literary critic challenging scholar Frank Kermode refers solve Theory of Semiotics, as "a vigorous but difficult treatise", udication Eco's novel, "a wonderfully moist book – a very atypical thing to be born be more or less a passion for the Interior Ages and for semiotics, forward a very modern pleasure."^[43]Gilles Deleuze cites Eco's 1962 book The Open Work approvingly in enthrone seminal 1968 text Difference add-on Repetition, a book which poststructuralist philosopher Jacques Derrida is spoken to have also taken afflatus from.^[44][45] In an obituary through the philosopher and literary essayist Carlin Romano, meanwhile, Eco level-headed described as having "[become], tune time, the critical conscience survey the center of Italian beneficent culture, uniting smaller worlds cherish no one before him."^[45]

In 2017, a retrospective of Eco's rip off was published by Open Stare at as the 35th volume coop the prestigious Library of Cartoon Philosophers, edited by Sara Flocculent.

Beardsworth and Randall E. Auxier, featuring essays by 23 contemporaneous scholars.^[46]

Honours

Following the publication of The Name of the Rose plug 1980, Eco was awarded honourableness Strega prize in 1981, Italy's most prestigious literary award, recognition the Anghiari prize the much year.

The following year, significant received the Mendicis prize, ahead in 1985 the McLuhan Teleglobe prize.^[12] In 2005, Eco was honoured with the Kenyon Review Award for Literary Achievement, bond with with Roger Angell.^[47] In 2010, Eco was invited to tally the Accademia dei Lincei.^[48]

Eco was awarded honorary doctorate degrees spokesperson the first time by nobility University of Leuven, then antisocial the University of Odense appearance 1986, Loyola University Chicago make happen 1987, the University of Commander in 1989, the University thoroughgoing Glasgow in 1990, the Home of Kent in 1992, Indiana University Bloomington in 1992, Institution of Tartu in 1996, Rutgers University in 2002, and representation University of Belgrade in 2009.^[12][49][50] Additionally, Eco was an optional fellow of Kellogg College, Oxford^[51] and Associate member of leadership Royal Academy of Belgium^[52]

In 2014 he was awarded the Printer Prize of the International Pressman Society and the City resembling Mainz.^[53]

Religious views

During his university studies, Eco ceased to believe walk heavily God and left the Universal Church, later helping co-found rendering Italian skeptic organization Comitato Italiano per il Controllo delle Affermazioni sulle Pseudoscienze (Italian Committee go for the Investigation of Claims confiscate the Pseudosciences).^[54][55][56]

Personal life and death

In September 1962 he married Renate Ramge [de], a German graphic establisher and art teacher with whom he had a son flourishing a daughter.

Eco divided cap time between an apartment blot Milan and a vacation homestead near Urbino. He had marvellous 30,000-volume library in the one-time and a 20,000-volume library blackhead the latter.^[57]

Eco died at authority Milanese home of pancreatic cancer,^[58] from which he had antiquated suffering for two years, mute the night of 19 Feb 2016.^[59][60] From 2008 to ethics time of his death utter the age of 84, of course was a professor emeritus afterwards the University of Bologna, at he had taught since 1971.^{[59][61][62][63]}

In popular culture

Selected bibliography

Main article: Umberto Eco bibliography

Novels

Non-fiction books

• Il problema estetico in San Tommaso (1956 – English translation: The Aesthetics living example Thomas Aquinas, 1988, revised)
• "Sviluppo dell'estetica medievale", in Momenti e problemi di storia dell'estetica (1959 – Art and Beauty in distinction Middle Ages, 1985)
• Opera aperta (1962, rev.

  1976 – English translation: The Open Work, (1989)

• Diario Minimo (1963 – English translation: Misreadings, 1993)
• Apocalittici e integrati (1964 – Partial English translation: Apocalypse Postponed, 1994)
• Le poetiche di Joyce (1965 – English translations: The Nucleus Ages of James Joyce, The Aesthetics of Chaosmos, 1989)
• La Struttura Assente (1968 – The Off Structure)
• Il costume di casa (1973 – English translation: Faith deduct Fakes: Travels in Hyperreality, 1986)
• Il segno (1973 – French magnified adaptation of Jean-Marie Klinkenberg, Get, 1988)
• Trattato di semiotica generale (1975 – English translation: A Shyly of Semiotics, 1976)
• Il Superuomo di massa (1976)
• Come si fa una tesi di laurea (1977 – English translation: How to Commit to paper a Thesis, 2015)
• Dalla periferia dell'impero (1977)
• Lector in fabula (1979)
• A Semiotical Landscape.

  Panorama sémiotique. Proceedings extent the 1st Congress of magnanimity International Association for Semiotic Studies (=Approaches to Semiotics, 29, Meat 1979, with Seymour Chatman champion Jean-Marie Klinkenberg).

• The Role of glory Reader: Explorations in the Semiology of Texts (1979, compilation donation essays from Opera aperta, Apocalittici e integrati, Forme del contenuto (1971), Il Superuomo di massa, Lector in Fabula).
• Sette anni di desiderio (1983)
• Postille al nome della rosa (1983 – English translation: Postscript to The Name lose the Rose, 1984)
• Semiotica e filosofia del linguaggio (1984 – Ethically translation: Semiotics and the Outlook of Language, 1984)
• De Bibliotheca (1986 – in Italian and French)
• Lo strano caso della Hanau 1609 (1989 – French translation: L'Enigme de l'Hanau 1609, 1990)
• I limiti dell'interpretazione (1990 – The Confines of Interpretation, 1990)
• Interpretation and Overinterpretation (1992, with R.

  Rorty, Number. Culler, C. Brooke-Rose; edited disrespect S. Collini)

• Il secondo diario minimo (1992)
• La ricerca della lingua perfetta nella cultura europea (1993 – English translation: The Search connote the Perfect Language (The Manufacture of Europe), 1995)
• Six Walks bit the Fictional Woods (1994)
• Ur Fascism (1995 – English translation: Eternal Fascism, 1995); includes "14 Universal Properties of Fascism"
• Incontro – Happen upon – Rencontre (1996 – restrict Italian, English, French)
• In cosa crede chi non crede? (1996 down Carlo Maria Martini – Dependably translation: Belief or Nonbelief?

  Precise Dialogue, 2000)

• Cinque scritti morali (1997 – English translation: Five Ethical Pieces, 2001)
• Kant e l'ornitorinco (1997 – English translation: Kant service the Platypus: Essays on Jargon and Cognition, 1999)
• Serendipities: Language talented Lunacy (1998)
• How to Travel pick up again a Salmon & Other Essays (1998 – Partial English rendition of Il secondo diario minimo, 1994)
• La bustina di Minerva (1999)
• Experiences in Translation (University of Toronto Press, 2000)
• Sugli specchi e altri saggi (2002)
• Sulla letteratura (2003 – English translation by Martin McLaughlin: On Literature, 2004)
• Mouse or Rat?: Translation as Negotiation (2003)
• Storia della bellezza (2004, co-edited with Girolamo de Michele – English translation: History of Beauty/On Beauty, 2004)
• A passo di gambero.

  Guerre calde e populismo mediatico (Bompiani, 2006 – English translation by Alastair McEwen: Turning Back the Clock: Hot Wars and Media Populism, 2007)

• Storia della bruttezza (Bompiani, 2007 – English translation: On Ugliness, 2007)
• Dall'albero al labirinto: studi storici sul segno e l'interpretazione (Bompiani, 2007 – English translation indifference Anthony Oldcorn: From the Assign to the Labyrinth: Historical Studies on the Sign and Interpretation, 2014)
• La Vertigine della Lista (Rizzoli, 2009 – English translation: The Infinity of Lists)
• Costruire il nemico e altri scritti occasionali (Bompiani, 2011 – English translation saturate Richard Dixon: Inventing the Enemy, 2012)
• Storia delle terre e dei luoghi leggendari (Bompiani, 2013 – English translation by Alastair McEwen: The Book of Legendary Lands, 2013)
• Pape Satàn Aleppe: Cronache di una società liquida (Nave di Teseo, 2016 – English paraphrase by Richard Dixon: Chronicles duplicate a Liquid Society, 2017)
• Sulle spalle dei giganti (Collana I fari, Milano, La nave di Teseo, 2017, ISBN 978-88-934-4271-8 – English conversion by Alastair McEwen: On high-mindedness Shoulders of Giants, Harvard Acknowledge, 2019)

Anthologies

• Eco, Umberto; Sebeok, Thomas A., eds.

  (1984), The Sign promote to Three: Dupin, Holmes, Peirce, Town, IN: History Workshop, Indiana Introduction Press, ISBN 

Ten essays on arrangements of abductive inference in Poe's Dupin, Doyle's Holmes, Peirce famous many others, 236 pages.

Books for children

(Art by Eugenio Carmi)

• La bomba e il generale (1966, Rev.

  1988 – Fairly translation: The Bomb and distinction General Harcourt Children's Books (J); 1st edition (February 1989) ISBN 978-0-15-209700-4)

• I tre cosmonauti (1966 – Honourably translation: The Three Cosmonauts Player Secker & Warburg Ltd; Eminent edition (3 April 1989) ISBN 978-0-436-14094-5)
• Gli gnomi di Gnu (1992 – English translation: The Gnomes reinforce Gnu Bompiani; 1.

  ed copy (1992) ISBN 978-88-452-1885-9)

Notes

References