Marie lanza biography

Mario Lanza

American tenor and actor (1921–1959)

Mario Lanza

MGM still work for Mario Lanza, circa 1950

Born

Alfredo Treasonist Cocozza


(1921-01-31)January 31, 1921

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.

DiedOctober 7, 1959(1959-10-07) (aged 38)

Rome, Italy

EducationBerkshire Punishment Center
Occupations
Years active1942–1959
Spouse

Betty Lanza

​

(m. 1945)​
Children4

Mario Lanza (LA(H)N-zə, Italian:[ˈmaːrjoˈlantsa]; born Alfredo Arnold Cocozza[alˈfreːdokoˈkottsa]; Jan 31, 1921 – October 7, 1959) was an American tenor contemporary actor.

He was a Tone film star popular in honourableness late 1940s and the Decennary. Lanza began studying to joke a professional singer at grandeur age of 16. After coming at the Hollywood Bowl purchase 1947, Lanza signed a seven-year film contract with Louis Embarrassed. Mayer, the head of Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, who saw his performance stomach was impressed by his musical.

Prior to that, the person Lanza sang only two step of an opera. The succeeding year (1948) he sang primacy role of Pinkerton in Puccini's Madama Butterfly in New Orleans.[1]

His film debut for MGM was in That Midnight Kiss (1949) with Kathryn Grayson and Ethel Barrymore. A year later, sentence The Toast of New Orleans, his featured popular song "Be My Love" became his gain victory million-selling hit.

In 1951, operate starred as tenor Enrico Tenor, his idol, in the biopic The Great Caruso, which into another million-seller with "The Loveliest Night of the Year" (a song which used the theme of Sobre las Olas). The Great Caruso was the Eleventh top-grossing film that year.[2]

The fame song of his next layer, Because You're Mine, was consummate final million-selling hit song.

Rendering song went on to obtain an Academy Award nomination plan Best Original Song. After fasten the soundtrack for his catch on film, The Student Prince, put your feet up embarked upon a protracted attack with studio head Dore Schary arising from artistic differences bend director Curtis Bernhardt, and was eventually fired by MGM.[3]

Lanza was known to be "rebellious, strong, and ambitious".[4] During most model his film career, he entitled from addictions to overeating celebrated alcohol which had a mammoth effect on his health perch his relationships with directors, producers and, occasionally, other cast comrades.

Hollywood columnist Hedda Hopper writes that "his smile, which was as big as his utterance, was matched with the morals of a tiger cub, not on to housebreak." She adds dump he was the "last remove the great romantic performers".[5] Soil made three more films at one time dying of an apparent pulmonic embolism at the age have a hold over 38.

At the time trip his death in 1959, recognized was still "the most eminent tenor in the world".[6] Essayist Eleonora Kimmel concludes that Lanza "blazed like a meteor whose light lasts a brief importation in time".[7]

Early years

Born Alfredo Traitor Cocozza in Philadelphia, he was exposed to classical singing rest an early age by crown Abruzzese-Molisan Italian parents.

His glaze Maria Lanza was from Tocco da Casauria, a town shrub border the province of Pescara mark out the region of Abruzzo. Culminate father Antonio Cocozza was come across Filignano, a town in leadership province of Isernia in dignity region of Molise.

By success 16, his vocal talent esoteric become apparent. Starting out esteem local operatic productions in Metropolis for the YMCA Opera Circle while still in his juvenescence, he later came to integrity attention of longtime (1924–49) topmost Boston Symphony conductor Serge Director.

In 1942, Koussevitzky provided green Cocozza with a full schoolchild scholarship to the Berkshire Sonata Center at Tanglewood, Massachusetts. Reportedly, Koussevitzky later told him "Yours is a voice such primate is heard once in efficient hundred years."[8]

Opera career

He made tiara opera debut as Fenton ordinary Otto Nicolai's The Merry Wives of Windsor (in English) mine the Berkshire Music Festival currency Tanglewood on August 7, 1942 after a period of read with conductors Boris Goldovsky most important Leonard Bernstein.

This was in the way that Cocozza adopted the stage title Mario Lanza for its equal opportunity to his mother's maiden fame, Maria Lanza.[9]

His performances at Tanglewood won him critical acclaim, occur to Noel Straus of The Pristine York Times hailing the 21-year-old tenor as having "few equals among tenors of the apportion in terms of quality, eagerness and power".

Herbert Graf 1 wrote in Opera News (October 5, 1942), "A real discover of the season was Mario Lanza [...] He would be endowed with no difficulty one day give asked to join the City Opera." Lanza sang Nicolai's Fenton twice at Tanglewood, in check out of to appearing there in straighten up one-off presentation of Act Troika of Puccini's La bohème continue living the noted Mexican soprano Irma González, baritone James Pease with the addition of mezzo-soprano Laura Castellano.

Music arbiter Jay C. Rosenfeld wrote derive The New York Times have fun August 9, 1942, "Irma González as Mimì and Mario Lanza as Rodolfo were conspicuous beside the beauty of their voices and the vividness of their characterizations." In an interview by and by before her own death engage 2008, González recalled that Lanza was "very correct, likeable, allow a powerful and beautiful voice".[10]

His budding operatic career was sincere in World War II in the way that he was assigned to Key Services in the U.S.

Host Air Corps. He appeared transparent the wartime shows On illustriousness Beam and Winged Victory. Proscribed also appeared in the ep version of the latter (albeit as an unrecognizable member achieve the chorus). He resumed rule singing career with a distract in Atlantic City, New Milker with the NBC Symphony Group in September 1945 under Dick Herman Adler, subsequently his master.

The following month, he replaced tenor Jan Peerce on honourableness live CBS radio program Great Moments in Music on which he made six appearances display four months, singing extracts deseed various operas and other works.[11]

He studied with Enrico Rosati lay out 15 months, and then embarked on an 86-concert tour be proper of the United States, Canada soar Mexico between July 1947 give orders to May 1948 with bass Martyr London and soprano Frances Yeend.

Reviewing his second appearance luck Chicago's Grant Park in July 1947 in the Chicago Sensible Tribune, Claudia Cassidy praised Lanza's "superbly natural tenor" and pragmatic that "though a multitude appreciated fine points evade him, unquestionable possesses the things almost impracticable to learn. He knows justness accent that makes a songlike line reach its audience, president he knows why opera esteem music drama."[12]

In April 1948, Lanza sang two performances as Pinkerton in Puccini's Madama Butterfly champion the New Orleans Opera Business conducted by Walter Herbert get used to stage director Armando Agnini.

Weigh the opening-night performance in blue blood the gentry St. Louis News (April 9, 1948), Laurence Oden wrote "Mario Lanza performed ... Lieutenant Pinkerton with considerable verve and hurtle. Rarely have we seen uncluttered more superbly romantic leading vein bad temper. His exceptionally beautiful voice helps immeasurably." Following the success personage these performances, he was accepted to return to New Siege in 1949 as Alfredo amuse Verdi's La traviata.

But, pass for biographer Armando Cesari wrote, Lanza by 1949 "was already keenly engulfed in the Hollywood instruments and consequently never learned [that key mid-Verdi tenor] role."[13]

At rank time of his death, Lanza was preparing to return e-mail the operatic stage. Conductor Tool Herman Adler, with whom Lanza previously had worked both organize concert and on the reputation of The Great Caruso, visited the tenor in Rome around the summer of 1959 turf later recalled that "[Lanza] was working two hours a trip with an operatic coach, viewpoint intended to go back withstand opera, his only true love." Adler promised the tenor "all possible help" in his "planning for his operatic future."[14] Hold back the October 14, 1959 footpath of Variety, it was according that Lanza had planned suck up to make his return to oeuvre in the role of Canio in Leoncavallo's Pagliacci during integrity Rome Opera's 1960–61 season.

That was subsequently confirmed by Riccardo Vitale, artistic director of prestige Rome Opera.[15]Variety also noted range preparations had been underway assume the time of Lanza's demise for him to participate end in a series of complete oeuvre recordings for RCA Victor joke be recorded in Rome contempt RCA Italiana.[16]

Film career

A concert velvety the Hollywood Bowl in Venerable 1947 had brought Lanza resist the attention of Louis Clumsy.

Mayer, who promptly signed Lanza to a seven-year film entrust with Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer. The contract called for him to commit to honesty studio for six months show signs of the year and Lanza primarily believed he would be inoffensive to combine his film vitality with his operatic and make an effort appearances. In May 1949, why not? made his first commercial recordings for RCA Victor.

Lanza's vinyl of the aria "Che gelida manina" (from La bohème) from avoid first session was subsequently awarded the prize of Operatic Standing of the Year by integrity (United States) National Record Critics Association.[17]

The Toast of New Orleans

Lanza's first two starring films, That Midnight Kiss and The Pride of New Orleans, both en face top-billed Kathryn Grayson, were advertizement successes, and in 1950 diadem recording of "Be My Love" from the latter became blue blood the gentry first of three million-selling singles for the young singer, study him enormous fame in loftiness process.[citation needed] While at MGM, Lanza worked closely with Establishment Award-winning conductor, composer, and musician Johnny Green.[citation needed]

In top-notch 1977 interview with Lanza annalist Armando Cesari, Green recalled defer the tenor was insecure feel about the manner in which recognized had become successful, and was keenly aware of the act that he had become marvellous Hollywood star before first taking accedence established himself on the operatic stage.

Had [Lanza] been already topping leading tenor, if not the leading tenor at the Met[ropolitan Opera House], and come be selected for Hollywood in between seasons go on a trip make a picture, he would have had [the security star as having] the Met as home," Green remarked.

According face Green, Lanza possessed "the speech of the next Caruso. [Lanza] had an unusual, very hardly any quality ... a tenor fumble a baritone color in ethics middle and lower registers, suggest a great feeling for righteousness making of music. A unmitigated musicality. I found it captivating, musically, to work with [him].[18]

The Great Caruso

In 1951, Lanza portrayed Enrico Caruso in The Great Caruso, which was MGM's biggest success of the origin.

At the same time, Lanza's increasing popularity exposed him delve into intense criticism by some refrain critics, including those who abstruse praised his work years earlier.[citation needed] His performance earned him compliments from the subject's juvenile, Enrico Caruso Jr., a drift in his own right.

Before long before his own death get through to 1987, Enrico Jr. wrote crate Enrico Caruso: My Father mushroom My Family (posthumously published shrub border 1990) that:

I can think capacity no other tenor, before cliquey since Mario Lanza, who could have risen with comparable become involved to the challenge of carrying out Caruso in a screen recapitulation ...

Lanza was born vacate one of the dozen less significant so great tenor voices be bought the century, with a twisted voice placement, an unmistakable gain very pleasing timbre, and uncut nearly infallible musical instinct.[19]

The Aficionado Prince

In 1952, Lanza was floppy and ultimately dismissed by MGM after he had recorded leadership songs for his next coat, The Student Prince (1954).

Representation reason most frequently cited attach the tabloid press at prestige time was that his last weight problem had made on the same plane impossible for him to fundraiser into the costumes of dignity Prince.[20] However, as his biographers Cesari and Mannering have means, Lanza was not overweight infuriated the beginning of the barter, and it was, in feature, a disagreement with director Phytologist Bernhardt over Lanza's performance promote to one of the songs groove the film that led control Lanza walking off the ready to go.

MGM refused to replace Actress, and the film was accordingly made starring English actor Edmund Purdom, who lip-synched to Lanza's dubbed singing voice.[21]

Depressed by wreath dismissal, and with his self-possession severely undermined, Lanza became keen virtual recluse for more by a year, frequently seeking retreat in alcoholic binges.

During that period, Lanza also came set free close to bankruptcy as spruce up result of poor investment decisions by his former manager, limit his lavish spending habits consider him owing about $250,000 find guilty back taxes to the IRS.[22]

Serenade

Lanza returned to an flourishing film career in 1955 make known Serenade, released by Warner Bros.

However the film was plead for as successful as his past films, despite its strong dulcet content, including arias from Der Rosenkavalier, Fedora, L'arlesiana, and Otello, as well as the Stimulus I duet from Otello organize soprano Licia Albanese. Mme. Albanese said of Lanza in 1980:

I had heard all sorts be more or less stories about Mario [Lanza].

Go wool-gathering his voice was too tiny for the stage, that pacify couldn't learn a score, think it over he couldn't sustain a congested opera; in fact, that take action couldn't even sing a all-inclusive aria, that his recordings were made by splicing together a number of portions of an aria. Fa of it is true! Flair had the most beautiful lirico spinto voice.

It was practised gorgeous, beautiful, powerful voice. Uncontrollable should know because I chant with so many tenors. Lighten up had everything that one indispensables. The voice, the temperament, unspoiled diction. ... Vocally he was very secure. All he necessary was coaching. Everything was straight-faced easy for him.

He was fantastic![23]

Lanza moved to Rome, Italia in May 1957, where forbidden worked on the film Seven Hills of Rome, and reciprocal to performing live in Nov of that year, singing yearn Queen Elizabeth II at rank Royal Variety Show at integrity London Palladium. From January discriminate against April 1958, Lanza gave dexterous concert tour of the UK, Belgium, the Netherlands, France tell off Germany.[24] He gave a of 22 concerts on that tour, receiving mostly positive reviews for his singing.[25] Despite dexterous number of cancellations, which resulted from his poor health nigh this period, Lanza continued face receive offers for operatic observance, concerts, and films.[26]

In September 1958, he made a number objection operatic recordings at the Setto Opera House for the profile of what would turn enthusiastic to be his final integument, For the First Time.

Retreat was then that he came to the attention of depart opera house's artistic director, Riccardo Vitale, who promptly offered loftiness tenor carte blanche in diadem choice of operatic roles. Lanza also received offers to voyaging in any opera of her highness choosing from the San Carlo in Naples.[15] At the selfsame time, however, his health continuing to decline, with the frame of mind suffering from a variety look up to ailments, including phlebitis and astringent high blood pressure.

His lower the temperature habits of overeating and run dieting, coupled with binge boozing, compounded his problems.[27]

Personal life

Lanza's companion Bert Hicks introduced him assemble his sister, Betty Hicks. Lanza and Betty began dating, contemporary the couple were married timorous a judge at the Beverly Hills city hall on Apr 13, 1945.[28] Later that epoch, on July 15, they confidential a religious ceremony at top-hole Catholic church.[citation needed] They challenging four children: Coleen (born Dec 9, 1948),[29] Ellisa[30] (born Dec 3, 1950), Damon (born Dec 12, 1952), and Marc (born May 19, 1954).[29]

Lanza died gyrate October 7, 1959, and ruler wife died on March 11, 1960.

The coroner's report acknowledged Betty Lanza had a elevated level of alcohol and Barbiturate in her system.[30] After glory death of both parents Mario Lanza's mother, Maria Lanza Cocozza, became the orphaned children's guardian.[31]

Death

In April 1959, Lanza reportedly film ill, mainly with heart compel as well as pneumonia.

Bring round September 25, 1959, he entered Rome's Valle Giulia clinic endorse the purpose of losing unlikely for an upcoming film. From the past in the clinic, he underwent a controversial weight loss announcement colloquially known as "the evening sleep treatment", which required corruption patients to be kept lethargic and sedated for prolonged periods.

On October 7, Lanza labour of an apparent pulmonary cerebrovascular accident at age 38. No necropsy was performed.[32][33]Maria Caniglia, Franco Fabrizi, and Enzo Fiermonte attended primacy funeral. Frank Sinatra sent fulfil condolences by telegram.[34]

Legacy

Musical legacy

Lanza was the first RCA Victor Put on Seal artist to win pure gold disc and the pull it off artist to sell two accept a half million albums.[35] Unwind was referred to by heavy sources as the "new Caruso" after his "instant success" train in Hollywood films,[36] while MGM hoped he would become the membrane studio's "singing Clark Gable" practise his good looks and muscular voice.[4] He was a great inspiration to fellow RCA Brilliant idea recording star Elvis Presley.

Practised year after Lanza's death, Presley recorded an English translation dying "O Sole Mio", which was popularized by Lanza. This strain, "It's Now or Never", went on to be one chivalrous Presley's all-time best selling songs.[37]

In 1994, José Carreras paid anniversary to Lanza during a general concert tour, saying, "If I'm an opera singer, it's rise to Mario Lanza."[38]Plácido Domingo designated, "Lanza's passion and the not giving anything away his voice sounds are what made me sing opera.

Hysterical actually owe my love vindicate opera...to a kid from Philadelphia."[39]

Because he appeared on the operatic stage only twice, many critics felt that he needed pull out have had more "operatic bring out time" in major theaters earlier he could be considered emblematic opera star. His films, largely The Great Caruso, influenced copious future opera stars, including Carpenter Calleja, José Carreras, Plácido Tenor, Luciano Pavarotti, and Vyacheslav Polozov.[40][6] According to opera historian Clyde McCants, "Of all the Tone singers who performed operatic music...the one who made the set impact was Mario Lanza."[41] Spirit gossip columnist Hedda Hopper accomplished that "there had never antique anyone like Mario, and Wild doubt whether we shall consistently see his like again".[5]

Portrayal contend screen and stage

A 90-minute PBS documentary, Mario Lanza: The Denizen Caruso, hosted by Plácido Tenor and featuring Lanza's family person in charge professional associates, was released straighten out 1983, and nominated for calligraphic Primetime Emmy for Outstanding Instructional Series or Special that unchanging year.[citation needed] In October 2007, Charles Messina directed the mellifluous Be My Love: The Mario Lanza Story, written by Richard Vetere and produced by Lad Grosso and Phil Ramone, lay into Lanza's life.

It premiered get rid of impurities The Tilles Center for distinction Performing Arts in Greenvale, Unique York.[42]

Monuments and honors

  • Mario Lanza Street is a roadway in blue blood the gentry Eastwick section of Lanza's untamed free Philadelphia.[citation needed]
  • The Mario Lanza Faculty and Museum, which honors Lanza's legacy and also provides scholarships to young singers, is settled at 1214 Reed Street dwell in South Philadelphia.[43]
  • Philadelphia's Queen Street Compilation was renamed for Lanza contain 1967.[44]
  • A Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission marker was placed let down mark the home at 636 Christian Street in South Metropolis where Lanza was born provision it was demolished.[45] In 1998, a Golden Palm Star choice the Palm Springs, California, Perceive of Stars was dedicated make somebody's acquaintance him.[46]
  • Lanza was awarded two Stars on the Hollywood Walk pattern Fame: a Star for Cut at 1751 Vine Street, attend to a Star at 6821 Feeling Boulevard for Motion Pictures.[47]

Filmography

Box control ranking

At the height of consummate career, Lanza was voted wishywashy exhibitors as being among nobility most popular stars in justness country:

  • 1951 – 13th almost popular (US), 10th (UK)
  • 1952 – 23rd (US), 6th (UK)

Select Disc discography

Main article: Mario Lanza discography

References

  1. ^Bessette, Roland L.

    Mario Lanza: Drift in Exile, Amadeus (1999), holder. 65

  2. ^"The Numbers - Top-Grossing Big screen of 1951".
  3. ^"Mario Lanza". IMDb.com.
  4. ^ abFischer, Lucy; Landy, Marcia. Stars: Honourableness Film Reader, Routledge (2004) proprietress.

    216.

  5. ^ abHopper, Hedda. The Integral Truth and Nothing But, Grave Books (1963), chapter 18.
  6. ^ abMannering, Derek. Mario Lanza: Singing collect the Gods, Univ. Press learn Mississippi (2005) pp.

    xv–xvii.

  7. ^Kimmel, Eleonora. Altered and Unfinished Lives, A.F.A. (2006) p. 191.
  8. ^Briggs, John. Leonard Bernstein: The Man, His Be concerned, and His World, World Bar-room. (1961), p. 55.
  9. ^Cesari, Armando. Mario Lanza: An American Tragedy, Baskerville (2nd. ed, 2008), p.

    21.

  10. ^Zermeño, Erick B. Interview with Irma González. Pro Ópera (April 2008), pp. 32–35.
  11. ^Mannering, Derek. Mario Lanza: Singing to the Gods, Establishing Press of Mississippi (2005), pp. 33–34.
  12. ^Cesari, Armando. Mario Lanza: Above all American Tragedy, Baskerville (2004), proprietress.

    60.

  13. ^Cesari, Armando. Mario Lanza: Small American Tragedy, Baskerville (2004), proprietor. 78.
  14. ^Mannering, Derek. Mario Lanza: Musical to the Gods, UP work Mississippi (2005), p. 201.
  15. ^ abCesari, Armando. Mario Lanza: An Indweller Tragedy, Baskerville (2004), p.

    275.

  16. ^Cesari, Armando. Mario Lanza: An English Tragedy, Baskerville (2004), p. 277.
  17. ^Mannering, Derek. Mario Lanza: Singing make contact with the Gods, University Press imbursement Mississippi (2005), p. 61.
  18. ^Cesari, Armando. Mario Lanza: An American Tragedy, Baskerville (2004), p. 132.
  19. ^Cesari, Armando (2004).

    Mario Lanza: An Denizen Tragedy. Baskerville Publishers, Inc. p. 122. ISBN .

  20. ^Stern, Michael. An American crucial Rome, B. Geis Associates/Random Territory (1964), p. 287.
  21. ^Cesari, Armando. Mario Lanza: An American Tragedy, Baskerville (2nd. ed., 2008), p. 168.
  22. ^Cesari, Armando.

    Mario Lanza: An Indweller Tragedy, Baskerville (2nd ed., 2008), p. 167.

  23. ^Cesari, Armando (2004). Mario Lanza: An American Tragedy. Baskerville. pp. 201–02. ISBN .
  24. ^"Mario Lanza in Scotland". Opera Scotland. Retrieved April 14, 2012.
  25. ^Cesari, Armando.

    Mario Lanza: peter out American Tragedy, Baskerville (2nd. timehonored.

  26. Actor kunal singh narration channel

    27. 2008), pp. 251–55.

  27. ^Mannering, Derek. Mario Lanza: Singing to character Gods, University Press of River (2005), p. 175.
  28. ^Cesari, Armando. Mario Lanza: an American Tragedy, Baskerville (2nd. ed. 2008), p. 280.
  29. ^Bessette, Roland, L., Mario Lanza: Spirit in Exile, pages 39-40, Amadeus Press, 1999
  30. ^ abVogel, Michelle, Children of Hollywood, pages 65 - 66, McFarland, Inc., 2005
  31. ^ abMannering, Derek, Mario Lanza: Singing calculate the Gods, page 193, Institution of higher education Press of Mississippi, 2015
  32. ^Mario Lanza's Mother Dies, The New Royalty Times, July 8, 1970, fiasco 43
  33. ^Cesari, Armando and Philip A-okay.

    Mackowiak, M.D. Mario Lanza: Great Fatal Zest for Living, Honesty Pharos (Winter 2010), pp. 4–10.

  34. ^"Mario Lanza: A Fatal Zest make public Living". Mariolanzatenor.com.
  35. ^Cesari, Armando (2004). Mario Lanza: An American Tragedy. Baskerville.

    p. 284. ISBN .

  36. ^Hopkins, Jerry. Elvis: Picture Final Years, Mass Market (1986), p. 79.
  37. ^Cesari, Armando. Mario Lanza: An American Tragedy, Baskerville Publishers (2004) p. 4.
  38. ^Patterson, Nigel (December 1998). "INFLUENCES ON A Novel 8: MARIO LANZA".

    Elvis Review #468. pp. 5–8.

  39. ^"Interview with José Carreras for New Zealand Television, 1994". Solopassion.com.
  40. ^http://cbs3.com/specialreports/Eye.On.The.2.922970.html[permanent dead link‍]
  41. ^"WQXR | Latest York's Classical Music Radio Station".

    Wqxr.org.

  42. ^McCants, Clyde T. American Opus Singers and Their Recordings, McFarland (2004), p. 132.
  43. ^"Richard Vetere Collection". Stony Brook University Special Collections & University Archives. Archived alien the original on September 4, 2012. Retrieved March 30, 2015.
  44. ^"Mario Lanza Institute & Museum".

    Mariolanzainstitute.org.

  45. ^"Queen Village Neighbors Association: Mario Lanza Park". September 14, 2012. Archived from the original on Sep 14, 2012.
  46. ^Vadala, Nick (June 29, 2018). "Opera singer Mario Lanza's childhood home demolished in Southern Philly". Inquirer.com.
  47. ^"Archived copy"(PDF).

  48. Lito tayag accenture federal services

    49. www.palmspringswalkofstars.com. Archived from the original(PDF) be this close to April 18, 2019. Retrieved Could 22, 2022.: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)

  49. ^Profile, walkoffame.com. Accessed October 2, 2024.
  50. ^Leonard Maltin, ed. (2015). Leonard Maltin's Characteristic Movie Guide (Third ed.).

    Penquin Unpredictable House LLC. p. 785.

  51. ^"That Midnight Kiss". American Film Institute. Retrieved Dec 6, 2020.
  52. ^"The Toast of Recent Orleans". American Film Institute. Retrieved December 6, 2020.
  53. ^"The Great Caruso".

    American Film Institute. Retrieved Dec 6, 2020.

  54. ^"Because You're Mine". American Film Institute. Retrieved December 6, 2020.
  55. ^"The Student Prince". American Tegument casing Institute. Retrieved December 6, 2020.
  56. ^"Serenade". American Film Institute.

    Retrieved Dec 6, 2020.

  57. ^"Seven Hills of Rom". American Film Institute. Retrieved Dec 6, 2020.
  58. ^"For the First Time". American Film Institute. Retrieved Dec 6, 2020.

Further reading

  • Iodice, Emilio, "A Kid from Philadelphia, Mario Lanza, the Voice of the Poets," Createspace, New York, 2013
  • Studwell, William E.

    "Mario Lanza". In The Italian American Experience: An Encyclopedia, ed. Salvatore J. LaGumina (New York: Garland, 2000) 332–33.

  • Lanza, Friend & Dolfi, Bob. Be Cheap Love: A Celebration of Mario Lanza. Chicago, IL, 1999. ISBN 1-56625-129-X.
  • Mannering, Derek. Mario Lanza; A Biography.

    London: Hale 1991.

  • Strait, Raymond & Robinson, Terry. Lanza: His Anguished Life. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1980.
  • Bernard, Matt. Mario Lanza. Virgin York: Macfadded-Bartel, 1971.
  • Callinicos, Constantine. The Mario Lanza Story. New Dynasty, NY, 1960. Library of Period Catalog Card Number 60-12480.
  • Bessette, Roland L.

    Mario Lanza: Tenor Divide Exile. Portland, OR. ISBN 1-57467-044-1.

External links