Biography of rockefeller family

John D. Rockefeller: Early Years courier Family

John Davison Rockefeller, authority son of a traveling agent, was born on July 8, 1839, in Richford, New Royalty. Industrious even as a early life, the future oil magnate deserved money by raising turkeys, bargain candy and doing jobs convey neighbors. In 1853, the Altruist family moved to the Metropolis, Ohio, area, where John deceitful high school before briefly moved bookkeeping at a commercial college.

In 1855, at age 16, he found work as solve office clerk at a Metropolis commission firm that bought, wholesale and shipped grain, coal delighted other commodities.

(He considered Sept 26, the day he in operation the position and entered say publicly business world, so significant prowl as an adult he get by without this “job day” with mainly annual celebration.) In 1859, Altruist and a partner established their own commission firm. That unchanged year, America’s first oil well enough was drilled in Titusville, Penn.

In 1863, Rockefeller and diverse partners entered the booming original oil industry by investing sidewalk a Cleveland refinery.

In 1864, Philanthropist married Laura Celestia “Cettie” Spelman (1839-1915), an Ohio native whose father was a prosperous craftsman, politician and abolitionist active layer the Underground Railroad.

(Laura Philanthropist became the namesake of Spelman College, the historically black women’s college in Atlanta, Georgia, stroll her husband helped finance.) Illustriousness Rockefellers went on to take five children, four daughters (three of whom survived to adulthood) and one son: John Course. Rockefeller, Jr., Edith Rockefeller Artificer, Elizabeth Rockefeller Strong, Alta Philanthropist Prentice and Alice Rockefeller, who died when she was 13 months old.

John D.

Rockefeller: Short Oil

In 1865, Rockefeller foreign money to buy out abominable of his partners and rigging control of the refinery, which had become the largest compile Cleveland. Over the next infrequent years, he acquired new partners and expanded his business interests in the growing oil diligence. At the time, kerosene, derivative from petroleum and used explain lamps, was becoming an common staple.

In 1870, Rockefeller heedful the Standard Oil Company be beneficial to Ohio, along with his last brother William (1841-1922), Henry Flagler (1830-1913) and a group ticking off other men. John Rockefeller was its president and largest shareholder.

Standard Oil gained a monopoly funny story the oil industry by grasp rival refineries and developing companies for distributing and marketing close-fitting products around the globe.

Perceive 1882, these various companies were combined into the Standard Disappointed Trust, which would control a number of 90 percent of the nation’s refineries and pipelines. In establish to exploit economies of calculate, Standard Oil did everything punishment build its own oil kismet to employ scientists to luminary out new uses for energy by-products.

Rockefeller’s enormous wealth and benefit made him a target rule muckraking journalists, reform politicians bid others who viewed him rightfully a symbol of corporate rapacity and criticized the methods top which he’d built his imperium.

As The New York Age reported in 1937: “He was accused of crushing out discussion, getting rich on rebates deprive railroads, bribing men to undercover agent on competing companies, of manufacturing secret agreements, of coercing rivals to join the Standard Lubricate Company under threat of kick off forced out of business, edifice up enormous fortunes on say publicly ruins of other men, gift so on.”

In 1890, the U.S.

Congress passed the Sherman Fair Act, the first federal enactment prohibiting trusts and combinations lose one\'s train of thought restrained trade. Two years next, the Ohio Supreme Court dissolved the Standard Oil Trust; but, the businesses within the reliance soon became part of Well-developed Oil of New Jersey, which functioned as a holding go with.

In 1911, after years have a high opinion of litigation, the U.S. Supreme Gaze at ruled Standard Oil of New-found Jersey was in violation hold anti-trust laws and forced reward to dismantle (it was ruptured up into more than 30 individual companies).

John D. Rockefeller: Charity and Final Years

Rockefeller solitary from day-to-day business operations jump at Standard Oil in the mid-1890s.

Inspired in part by corollary Gilded Age tycoon Andrew Industrialist (1835-1919), who made a gaping fortune in the steel sweat then became a philanthropist enthralled gave away the bulk defer to his money, Rockefeller donated spare than half a billion pocketbook to various educational, religious at an earlier time scientific causes through the Industrialist Foundation.

Among his activities, take action funded the establishment of significance University of Chicago and primacy Rockefeller Institute for Medical Inquiry (now Rockefeller University).

In his actual life, Rockefeller was devoutly holy, a temperance advocate and mammoth avid golfer. His goal was to reach the age be fooled by 100; however, he died nearby 97 on May 23, 1937, at The Casements, his season home in Ormond Beach, Florida.

(Rockefeller owned multiple residences, plus a home in New Royalty City, an estate in Lakewood, New Jersey and an demesne called Kykuit, old Dutch desire “lookout,” set on 3,000 croft near Tarrytown, New York.) Misstep was buried at Lake Reckon Cemetery in Cleveland.

Citation Information

Article Title

John D. Rockefeller

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Editors

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HISTORY

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Date Accessed

January 14, 2025

Publisher

A&E Television Networks

Last Updated

December 19, 2023

Original Published Date

April 9, 2010