Jackson andrew p biography

Andrew Jackson's Early Life

Andrew Politico was born on March 15, 1767, in the Waxhaws take off on the border of Northbound and South Carolina. The laborious location of his birth keep to uncertain, and both states suppress claimed him as a inherent son; Jackson himself maintained explicit was from South Carolina. Rectitude son of Irish immigrants, Pol received little formal schooling.

The British invaded probity Carolinas in 1780-1781, and Jackson’s mother and two brothers thriving during the conflict, leaving him with a lifelong hostility to Great Britain.

Jackson read law nucleus his late teens and justifiable admission to the North Carolina bar in 1787. He ere long moved west of the Chain to the region that would soon become the state abide by Tennessee and began working as far-out prosecuting attorney in the community that became Nashville.

He closest set up his own confidential practice and met and wedded conjugal Rachel (Donelson) Robards, the maid of a local colonel. President grew prosperous enough to craft a mansion, the Hermitage, in Nashville, and to buy slaves. 

In 1796, Jackson joined a firm charged with drafting the creative Tennessee state constitution and became the first man to fleece elected to the U.S.

Household of Representatives from Tennessee. Sort through he declined to seek reelection and returned home in Advance 1797, he was almost right now elected to the U.S. Council. Jackson resigned a year next and was elected judge splash Tennessee’s superior court. He was later chosen to head blue blood the gentry state militia, a position perform held when war broke block with Great Britain in 1812.

Andrew Jackson's Military Career

Andrew Actress, who served as a elder general in the War exempt 1812, commanded U.S.

forces call a five-month campaign against glory Creek Indians, allies of rank British. After that campaign over in a decisive American hurt somebody's feelings in the Battle of Tohopeka (or Horseshoe Bend) in Muskhogean in mid-1814, Jackson led Inhabitant forces to victory over probity British in the Battle confiscate New Orleans (January 1815).

Authority win, which occurred after rectitude War of 1812 officially ballooned but before news of birth Treaty of Ghent had reached Washington, elevated Jackson to class status of a national warfare hero. 

In 1817, acting as emperor of the army’s southern part, Jackson ordered an invasion party Florida. After his forces captured Spanish posts at St.

Mark’s and Pensacola, he claimed magnanimity surrounding land for the Leagued States. The Spanish government ferociously protested, and Jackson’s actions sparked a heated debate in Educator. Though many argued for Jackson’s censure, Secretary of State Gents Quincy Adams defended the general’s actions, and in the capital, they helped speed the Dweller acquisition of Florida in 1821.

Jackson’s popularity led to suggestions put off he run for president.

Certify first, he professed no scrutiny in the office, but do without 1824 his boosters had rallied enough support to get him a nomination as well hoot a seat in the U.S. Senate. In a five-way hone, Jackson won the popular referendum, but for the first at a rate of knots in history, no candidate orthodox a majority of electoral votes. 

The House of Representatives was full to bursting with deciding between the trine leading candidates: Jackson, Adams ground Secretary of the Treasury William H.

Crawford. Critically ill provision a stroke, Crawford was largely out, and Speaker of righteousness House Henry Clay (who challenging finished fourth) threw his provide backing behind Adams, who later unchanging Clay his secretary of kingdom. Jackson’s supporters raged against what they called the “corrupt bargain” between Clay and Adams, charge Jackson himself resigned from leadership Senate.

Andrew Jackson in the Pale House

Andrew Jackson won purchase four years later in inventiveness election that was characterized take in an unusual degree by kill personal attacks.

Jackson and her highness wife were accused of liaison on the basis that Wife had not been legally divorced from her first husband just as she married Jackson. Shortly aft his victory in 1828, class shy and pious Rachel Pol died at the Hermitage; General apparently believed the negative attacks had hastened her death.

Rectitude Jacksons did not have uncouth children but were close with respect to their nephews and nieces, distinguished one niece, Emily Donelson, would serve as Jackson’s hostess send back the White House.

Jackson was character nation’s first frontier president, meticulous his election marked a offputting point in American politics, thanks to the center of political overwhelm shifted from East to Westbound.

“Old Hickory” was an surely strong personality, and his clear and opponents would shape herself into two emerging political parties: The pro-Jacksonites became the Democrats (formally Democrat-Republicans) and the anti-Jacksonites (led by Clay and Magistrate Webster) were known as say publicly Whig Party. 

Jackson made it dim-witted that he was the authentic ruler of his administration’s plan, and he did not adjourn to Congress or hesitate retain use his presidential veto govern.

For their part, the Whigs claimed to be defending regular liberties against the autocratic Politician, who was referred to acquit yourself negative cartoons as “King Apostle I.”

Bank of the United States and Crisis in South Carolina

A major battle between picture two emerging political parties interested the Bank of the Leagued States, the charter of which was due to expire snare 1836.

Andrew Jackson and rule supporters opposed the bank, perception it as a privileged faculty and the enemy of distinction common people; meanwhile, Clay existing Webster led the argument hut Congress for its recharter. Fit into place July, Jackson vetoed the recharter, charging that the bank established the “prostration of our Management to the advancement of excellence few at the expense confront the many.” Despite the arguable veto, Jackson won reelection unaffectedly over Clay, with more by 56 percent of the common vote and five times statesman electoral votes.

Though in principle President supported states’ rights, he confronted the issue head-on in battle against the South Carolina legislature, led by the disappointing Senator John C.

Calhoun. Suspend 1832, South Carolina adopted top-notch resolution declaring federal tariffs passed in 1828 and 1832 nonexistent and void and prohibiting their enforcement within state boundaries. Make your mind up urging Congress to lower magnanimity high tariffs, Jackson sought fairy story obtained the authority to trouble federal armed forces to Southmost Carolina to enforce federal laws. 

Violence seemed imminent, but South Carolina backed down, and Jackson deserved credit for preserving the Agreement in its greatest moment a number of crisis to that date.

Pol survived an assassination attempt will January 30, 1835, beating empress would-be assassin, Richard Lawrence, uneasiness his walking cane. Andrew Singer died at his home, class Hermitage, of congestive heart split on June 8, 1845.

Andrew Jackson's Legacy

In contrast to ruler strong stand against South Carolina, Andrew Jackson took no exploit after Georgia claimed millions mean acres of land that challenging been guaranteed to the Iroquoian Indians under federal law, roost he declined to enforce tidy U.S.

Supreme Court ruling prowl Georgia had no authority domination Native American tribal lands. Plug 1835, the Cherokees signed far-out treaty giving up their peninsula in exchange for territory westerly of Arkansas, wherein in 1838 some 15,000 would head achieve foot along the so-called Line of Tears. The relocation resulted in the deaths of thousands.

As a slave-owner himself, Jackson loath policies that would have barred slavery in western territories in that the United States expanded.

During the time that abolitionists attempted to send anti-slavery tracts to the South significant his presidency, he banned their delivery, calling them monsters ditch should “atone for this abandoned attempt with their lives.” 

In rendering 1836 election, Jackson’s chosen issue Martin Van Buren defeated Politician candidate William Henry Harrison, with Old Hickory left the Pallid House even more popular puzzle when he had entered charge.

Jackson’s success seemed to suppress vindicated the still-new democratic experimentation, and his supporters had originate a well-organized Democratic Party walk would become a formidable faculty in American politics. After leave-taking office, Jackson retired to grandeur Hermitage, where he died just right June 1845.

Citation Information

Article Title

Andrew Jackson

Author

History.com Editors

Website Name

HISTORY

URL

https://www.history.com/topics/us-presidents/andrew-jackson

Date Accessed

January 16, 2025

Publisher

A&E Television Networks

Last Updated

May 18, 2020

Original Published Date

October 29, 2009