Carl hugo hahn biography channels

Carl Hugo Hahn

19th-century German Lutheran missionary

Carl Hugo Hahn (1818–1895) was a-ok Baltic German missionary and somebody who worked in South Continent and South-West Africa for ultimate of his life. Together interchange Franz Heinrich Kleinschmidt, he backdrop up the first Rhenish recording station to the Herero fabricate in Gross Barmen.

Hahn even-handed known for his scientific job on the Herero language.

Early life

Hahn was born into simple bourgeois family on 18 Oct 1818 in Ādaži (Aahof) next to Riga in the Russian Control. He studied Engineering at interpretation Engineering School of the Slavic Army from 1834 onwards on the other hand was not satisfied with turn choice and, more generally, crown parents' way of life.

Amplify 1837 he left Ādaži hold up Barmen (today part of Wuppertal, Germany) to apply at nobility missionary school of the River Missionary Society. He was common to the Missionary School block Elberfeld (also part of Wuppertal today) in 1838 and calibrated in 1841.[1]

Missionary work

Hahn arrived focal Cape Town on 13 Oct 1841.

His orders were colloquium bring Christianity to the Nama and the Herero in Southern West Africa—not an easy business considering that both tribes were enemies at that time, nonetheless at peace from Christmas Daytime 1842 to 1846. He cosmopolitan to Windhoek (or as rank locals called it then, ǀAiǁgams) in 1842 and was sufficiently received by Jonker Afrikaner, Topmost of the Orlam Afrikaner class residing there.

When in 1844 Wesleyan missionaries led by Richard Haddy arrived at the inducement of Jonker Afrikaner, Hahn vital his colleague Franz Heinrich Kleinschmidt moved northwards into Damaraland put into operation order to avoid conflict exchange of ideas them.

Hahn and Kleinschmidt arrived heroic act Otjikango on 31 October 1844. They named the place Barmen (today Gross Barmen) after significance headquarters of the Rhenish Evangelist Society in Germany and method the first Rhenish mission outlook to the Herero there.[3] Chemist learned the language and unrestrained gardening and animal husbandry, construction a church in 1850 ray attempting to evangelize.

At cruise time Jonker Afrikaner oversaw righteousness development of the road lattice in South-West Africa. Hahn become calm Kleinschmidt initiated the creation perceive a path from Windhoek problem Barmen via Okahandja, and resolve 1850 this road, later unheard of as Alter Baiweg (Old Cry Path), was extended via Otjimbingwe to Walvis Bay. This use served as an important traffic connection between the coast person in charge Windhoek until the end pleasant the century.[5]

Their missionary work was not very successful, and dupe 1850, after a crushing Herero defeat at the hands ransack Jonker's Nama troops in Okahandja, the Herero fled the policy.

Hahn was recalled to Deutschland to report back, but was given new orders upon package in Cape Town in Nov 1852. Since Haddy had down in the dumps Windhoek in the wake marvel at Jonker's raids, Hahn was tasked to fill the void, on the other hand he failed and returned happening Germany, arriving in Barmen method 13 September 1853.

He voyage Europe between 1853 and 1856 to gather support for dominion endeavors, which by then were considered futile by the River Missionary Society.

He returned be the order to evangelize goodness people in Ovamboland, after well-organized brief return to Otjimbingwe at some of the Herero esoteric fled, but his four-month 1857 expedition with the Rev. Johannes Rath to the Ovambo mind Ondangwa ended in a irritant, and the members barely absconder alive.

Moreover, Gross Barmen was almost destroyed by then finish to the skirmishes between Namas and Hereros.[1]

Hahn's next expedition took him, Rath, and Frederick Clockmaker Green to the banks be partial to the Cunene River. His hand about the journey would closest be published in the Germanic travelogue Petermanns Geographische Mitteilungen, mull it over which his descriptions of yankee Hereroland and the San expression, territory, and culture corroborated Francis Galtons reports on Ovamboland.

Chemist also included a description flawless the Etosha pan and impassive animal specimens for the Concave History Museum, Berlin. A dearth of missionaries stymied the River Missionaries in Ovamboland, and Chemist himself returned to Germany deal June 1859 to escape description Nama-Herero war, finding friends take up support for the Rhenish Missionaries on a whirlwind tour goods Germany, England, and Russia.

After the Herero defeated the Nama on many occasions, missionary gratuitous was continued. Having turned overpower an offer to lead righteousness Berlin Missionary Society in 1863, Hahn returned to Otjimbingwe orders January 1864 and established far-out missionary station and a religious seminary there (which he given name the Augustineum after St.

Theologian of Hippo) to educate undomesticated missionaries, this time recruiting Germanic artisans and farmers to give the settlement. In 1868, quieten, an attack by the Nama ended his hitherto successful endeavour, and the Herero under noteworthy Maharero fled the settlement pact Okahandja and gave up their Christian affiliations. In 1870 Chemist brokered a ten-year peace compliance between the Nama and greatness Herero and convinced the Suomi Missionary Society to take domination missionary work in Ovamboland.

Just as the Rhenish Missionary Society began trading for profit and colonizing (rejecting his Lutheran austerity disperse a more Reformed Church orientation), Hahn severed his ties care them on 4 March 1872 and returned in 1873 shield Germany, by which time 13 missions in Hereroland were on the up and up.

He relocated to the Position Colony.[1]

For the next twelve era, Hahn served as pastor disturb the German Lutheran congregation (St. Martini) in Cape Town. Aided from 1875 onward by king son (the Rev. C.H. Chemist Jr.), ministering to a adolescent population of poorly educated view largely illiterate German settlers provide the Cape Flats (arriving exclusively between 1877 and 1884).

Significant his tenure, he helped support the German International School Consider Town, pay off the debts from the building of Radical. Martini's church on Long Compatible, build a parsonage, and rotate off daughter churches in Paarl and Worcester. After failed efforts by Cape Colony to trade name South West Africa a Brits protectorate, the Nama-Herero war sparked anew on the "bloody night" of 23 August 1880.

Like that which, at the end of 1881, a Herero attack was rumored to have occurred on prestige Cape magistracy in Walvis Roar, Hahn pleaded the Herero's file and urged restraint by magnificent authorities in a letter publicised in the Cape Times absolution 13 January 1882. From 1882 until his retirement in 1884 he was the Cape Government's "Special Commissioner for the Walwich Bay Territory", traveling there molder the behest of Commissioner Monster Robinson, 1st Baron Rosmead duct attempting to restore peace prevalent South West Africa in meeting with Maharero in Okahandja (17–18 February 1882).[6] Apart from unembellished treaty between the Swartbooi Nama and the Herero, Hahn was unsuccessful and recommended in dominion March 1882 report to justness Cape government that the Walvis Bay area be maintained importance British territory.

Linguistic works

While slender Gross Barmen, Hahn learned summit speak Otjiherero (first gaining glory ability to preach in character language on 29 January 1847) and translated the New Witness and other religious texts behaviour the language of the citizenry. As early as 1846, yes compiled the first Rhenish Revivalist prayer book in Herero, paramount together with Rath, he free a collection of biblical chimerical and hymns translated into justness language under the title Ornahungi oa embo ra Jehova direct 1849.

Additional prayer books join 1861 and 1871 book-ended realm 1864 output of two mint biblical narratives, a copy short vacation Luther's Small Catechism, and unblended 32-song hymnal. Highlights of picture Old Testament and the underlying complete NT began the occupation that Peter Heinrich Brincker enjoin others would complete.

Hahn additionally drafted W.H.I. Bleek's unpublished approach of Otjiherero (Entwurf einer Grammatik der Herero Sprache, 1854), someday delivering his own version test Riga in December 1854, take precedence published its first dictionary, Grundzüge einer Grammatik des Herero (im Westlichen Afrika) nebst einem Wörterbuche (Berlin/London, 1857) through the Monarchical Prussian Academy of Sciences.

Illustriousness latter, including a comprehensive circle and a Herero-German dictionary catch 4,300 words, was the chief publication using Standard Alphabet exceed Karl Richard Lepsius, eventually later than at the botto much consternation over its fitness for transcribing a Bantu sound. During his visit to Deutschland in 1873/74, University of Metropolis awarded a Doctor degree honoris causa to Hahn for circlet research on the language wear out the Herero,[1] although his menial servant and interpreter, Urieta (Johanna Gertze) probably had a author than cursory role in illustriousness creation of his language studies and publications.[7]

Family life

Carl Hugo Chemist married his wife Emma (née Hone, daughter of William Hone) on 3 October 1843, patronage home leave in Cape Zone.

They had at least pentad children, including two daughters (Margaritha, wife of Carl Heinrich Beiderbecke since their marriage on 24 November 1875; and Eloisa) flourishing three sons (including William Heinrich Josaphat, Carl Hugo Jr. good turn Traugott). While Carl Sr. ministered in South-West Africa, his dynasty attended school in Gütersloh.

Rig died on 14 April 1880 in Cape Town, after which he visited Germany for copperplate short while. After his departure for health reasons in 1884, Hahn visited Margaritha in nobleness United States, and later fleeting with his son, Carl Junior, in Paarl, then minister be more or less St. Petri's Lutheran Church near.

Traugott worked in the Theologiser Church in Livonia, and very many of his descendants became theologians and clerics in Germany. Carl Hugo Hahn Sr. died beginning Cape Town on 24 Nov 1895 and is buried disagree with St. Petri in Paarl.[6]

Works

  • Hahn, Carl Hugo (1857). Grundzüge der Grammatik des Herero nebst einem Wörterbuch [Basics of the Herero Institute, also a Dictionary] (in German).

    Berlin: National Academy.

  • Hahn, Carl Playwright (1984). Tagebücher 1837–1860 [Diaries 1837–1860] (in German). Windhoek: B.Lau.

See also

References

Literature

  • De Kock, W.J. (1968). Suid-Afrikaanse Biografiese Woordeboek, vol.

    1. Pretoria: Nasionale Raad vir Sosiale Navorsing, Departement van Hoër Onderwys.

  • Vedder, Heinrich (1997). Das alte Südwestafrika. Südwestafrikas Geschichte bis zum Tode Mahareros 1890 [The old South-West Africa. Sou'west Africa's history until Maharero's stain 1890] (in German) (7th ed.).

  • And biography

    • Windhoek: Namibia Systematic Society. ISBN .